Bones
Muscles, Body Organization, and Homeostasis
Skin
Food
Digestive System
100
Name the two categories of joints and give an example of each.
movable: elbow immovable: skull bones
100
Name the three types of muscle tissue.
cardiac muscle, striated muscle, smooth muscle
100
What are the layers that make up the skin?
epidermis, dermis, fat layer
100
What are the six nutrients?
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water
100
What are the two types of digestion and describe them.
mechanical and chemical
200
Name and describe the two types of bone marrow.
red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow. red bone marrow produces red blood cells. yellow bone marrow stores fat and is an energy reserve.
200
what are the 5 levels of organization of any organism.
cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism
200
In which layer do you find blood vessels, sweat glands, hairs, and oil glands?
dermis
200
Define calorie.
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius.
200
What are the three types of teeth?
incisors, canines, and molars
300
Name and give an example of the 4 kinds of movable joints.
hinge joint: elbow, knee ball and socket joint: shoulder pivot joint: neck gliding joint: wrist, ankle
300
Why must muscles work in pairs?
because muscle cells can only contract, not extend
300
Why is shedding dead skin cells important?
The surface cells carry bacteria and shedding eliminates them to protect the body.
300
Name the two types of carbohydrates and give an example of each.
simple: glucose/ sugars comples: starch, fiber
300
What are the involuntary waves of muscle contraction that occur in the esophagus to push down food called?
peristalsis
400
Define ligament, tendon, and cartilage.
ligament: connective tissue connecting bones to bones tendon: connective tissue connecting bones to muscles cartilage: flexible connective tissue covering the ends of bones
400
Define Homeostasis.
process by which an organism's internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment.
400
what is melanin and describe the function.
pigment that gives skin its color, helps to protect skin from burning.
400
What are proteins and what are they made of?
nutrients that contain nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. made of amino acids
400
What is the structure that lines the small intestine and absorb nutrient molecules?
villi
500
Name the 5 functions of the skeletal system.
shape and support, movement and protection, and production of substances
500
What are the functions of the circulatory system, respiratory system, digestive system, nervous system, and endocrine system?
circulatory: transports materials to and from cells respiratory: takes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide digestive: breaks down food and absorbs nutrients nervous: detects info from environment and controls body functions endocrine: controls body processes by means of chemicals
500
What are the 5 functions of the skin?
protecting the body, maintaining temperature, eliminating wastes, gathering information, producing vitamin D
500
What is the function of vitamins and what are the fat soluble vitamins?
act as helper molecules in a variety of chemical reactions. vitamins A, D, E, K
500
What are the functions of the liver, gall bladder, and pancreas in the digestive system?
liver: produces bile gall bladder: stores bladder pancreas: produces enzymes that break down starches, proteins, and fat
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