Eye Anatomy
Outer layer of white connective tissue around the eye
what is the sclera
What is the bend of light waves, when a light wave crosses from air into a denser medium
what is refraction
Disc memebranes that are intracellular, extremely sensitive, and respond to low light levels
what are rods
Imbalance in the production and drainage of aqueous humor
what is glaucoma
Carries visual info to suprachiasmatic nucleus
what is melanopsin
Anterior surface of the sclera, clear & dense
what is the cornea
______ in our retina function as fiber optic cable that deliver light rays to the photoreceptor cells
what is Muller cells
The fovea centralis is rich in ______
what are cones
accumulation of precipitated proteins resulting in opaque ______ is the cause of cataract
what is the lens
Red-green blindness is mostly a defect in chromosome
what is X
The layer beneath the sclera
what is the choroid
Transducind activation results in
what is decreased cGMP
Infoldings of plasma membrane that respond to bright light
Progressive decline in the alility to accomodate near vision
what is presbyopia
______ functions as a biological clock
what is the suprachiasmatic nucleus
The front specialized choroid layer
what is the iris
The neurotransmitter that is involved in bipolar and ganglion cells mediated "ON-pathways" and "OFF-pathways" in the retina
what is glutamate
In the absence of light, photoreceptor cells involve ________
what is guanylyl cyclase
When a lens/cornea does not have a smooth spherical surface
what is an astigmatism
The kind of nerves that enlarge the iris and dilate the pupil
Contains the iris, ciliary muscle, and zonular fibers
what are the suspensory ligaments
A vitamin A-derived molecule bound to opsin is called
what is rhodopsin
OR
what is retinal
Tell me the sensory transduction pathway
guanylyl cyclase make cGMP from GTP in absence of light. cGMP opens Na+/Ca+. in the dark cGMP is high and depolarized.
photons cause cc in retinal disc molecules. retinal dissociates from opsin. opsin cc and binds to transducin. transducin activates cGMP ->phosphodiesterase and degrades cGMP. decreased cGMP ion channels close, leads to hyperpolarization.
what is myopia/nearsightedness
Fast eye movements
what are saccades