The Hispanic Challenge
As opposed to assimilation, this is what concerns Huntington about Mexican immigration in particular.
What is : the forming of political and linguistic enclaves (that reject American culture and traditional assimilation paths)
This is what Viala-Gaudefroy says is different about Trump and his characterization of immigrants.
What is : immigrants as enemies (and engaged in a war on it's own soil)
These are the two main differences since World War I that Portes and Zhou point out in regard to affecting assimilation.
What are : race (proximity to whiteness) and the structure of economic opportunities (less opportunity to stay or become part of the middle class)
This animal has the longest migration route, at ~44,000 miles from the Actic to the Antactic anually
What is : the Arctic Tern
Huntington ascribes these two aspects as the two main factors of American identity.
What are : culture and creed (defined by Anglo-Protestant culture - English language, English rule of law, responsibility of rulers)
Immigrants, as Viala-Gaudefroy argues, similar to the frontier-era Indians, communists, and terrorists, represent both these kinds of threats.
What is : both an internal and outside threat
Instead of a uniform type of assimilation, Portes and Zhou argue that there are these 3 distinct forms of adaptation for immigrants. Name 2/3.
What are : acculturation and integration into the white middle-class, permanent poverty and assimilation into the underclass, and rapid economic advancement with deliberate preservation of the immigrant community's values and solidarity
In 2024, this many Canadians were arrested along the Northern border for entering the US illegally. (within the nearest 5,000 people)
What is : ~19,000 people
Name 4 out of 6 of the categories that Huntington uses to examine Mexican immigration.
What are : contiguity, scale, illegality, regional concentration, persistence, and historical presense.
Trump conflates acts committed by the MS-13 gang with that of all immigrants, however, according to the New York Times, MS-13 only makes up this % of gang members in the US.
What is : only ~1%
These are the 3 new social contexts that immigrants are facing that Portes and Zhou identify as creating vulnerability towards downward assimilation. Name all 3.
The UAE has this percentage of foreign-born people, the highest in the world. (within the nearest 5%)
What is : 88%
What is : "left Anglos as well as blacks"
Using this allegedly already committed criminal act, Trump and many Republicans are able to conflate many, if not all, immigrants as dangerous criminals.
What is : the federal crime of illegal entry
This is identified by Portes and Zhou as the most important resource available to immigrants to confront the challenge of contemporary assimilation.
What is : resources available through networks and coethnic communities
Japan takes in the lowest # of refugees out of any "developed country," taking in only this many people in 2024. (Within the nearest 10 people)
What is : 190
Huntington is concerned about the dominance of Spanish because it does this to "an increasing number of Americans, particularly black Americans."
What is : not be able to receive jobs/pay (because they can only speak English)
Trump held a meeting for the American families of immigrants killed by illegal immigrants, which Viala-Gaudefroy argues is to push this kind of rhetoric.
What is : victimization/victimage
This is a potential reason that second-generation immigrants might choose to assimilate into a large "downtrodden" coethnic community, even if against the wishes of their parents/community.
What is : a coethnic community may be less desirable but is better than no community at all
This tiny nation has the longest continuous residency requirement for citizenship in the world at 30 years.
What is : the Duchy of Liechtenstein