Vascular vs. Nonvascular
Plants with tubes that carry liquid inside
What are vascular plants?
Spore containers
What are sporangia?
Ferns can grow new fern plants by spreading _________ along the ground from their rhizomes. It's not really a new plant because each new fern is a clone of the original plant with the exact same DNA.
What are runners?
This is the phylum which contains mosses
What is bryophyta?
These are some ways lichens were used in the past.
What is they were used for medicines and poison for the tips of Native American arrowheads?
This is a combination of fungus and algae. It grows on trees in healthy environments
What is lichen?
Plants that do not have tubes inside but instead absorb liquid
What are nonvascular plants?
These are similar to seeds. However, they are very tiny and, unlike seeds, they have no food stored inside them. To germinate, they must have soil and light right away because they need to begin making food immediately.
What are spores?
When fronds grow thick and heavy, the fond of some ferns lean down and touch their tips into the dirt. A fern can sprout new plants like this. This is similar to _________ plants. The new plants are clones of the original.
What is rooting?
Bryophytes that have leaves shaped like a liver
What are liverworts?
This is how nonvascular plants distribute moisture and nutrients.
What is diffusion? ...Or, a process where the plant absorbs water and nutrients that will soak through to other parts of the plant. (Think paper towel.)
Although this nonvascular plant has little nutritional value, it is eaten by reindeer because it contains a special chemical that keeps the fluids inside the reindeer from freezing even on the coldest of days!
What is moss?
The tubes that carry fluid and important nutrients in humans, animals, and even plants!
What are veins?
The little bumpy clusters found on the underside of a frond. They are acutually clusters of sporangia.
What are sori?
These are giant ferns that look like trees. Their trunks are actually made of intertwined roots. They look a lot like palm trees.
What is the tree fern?
When two different organisms form a relationship where they are dependent on one another
What is symbiosis?
These are some current uses for lichens.
What is they protect trees and provide clean air to breath, food for animals, homes for insects, nesting material for hummingbirds, and dye for fabrics?
This type of moss absorbs a lot of water. For this reason, it is useful as a packing material and as mulch. When it decomposes it is an excellent kind of soil in which to grow plants. In addition, it is used in factories in Ireland to generate electricity.
What is peat moss?
Ferns are examples of this type of plant. (Vascular or nonvascular?)
What is vascular?
A developing fern first grows into this. It looks like the top of a violin or fiddle. When it is ready, it unfurls and develops into a fern frond.
What is a fiddlehead?
This type of fern has bright green leaves that arch outward as they grow. They like mild temperatures and sun. They do a great job purifying the air in your home.
What is the Boston fern?
Little stalks with spores on their tips that grow on top of the female moss plant
What are sporophytes?
These are the structures that male mosses have. (Hints: It starts with an "A". We learned this word in the last chapter on ferns.)
What are antheridia?
This type of liverwort looks like leaves on a stem lying horizontally on the surface of the ground.
What are leafy liverworts?
Moss and lichen are examples of this type of plant. (Vascular or nonvascular?)
What is nonvascular?
If a spore lands somewhere that has just the right amount of soil, moisture, and light, it grows into this tiny, heart-shaped plantlet. The structure contains the male and female parts of the fern.
What is a prothallus?
The prothallus can make a little packet of cells called a __________. This package then gets carried off by animals or water to form a new prothallus somewhere else.
What is a gemma?
The ability some plants have to dry out for a long time without actually dying
What is desiccate?
This is where the sporophytes grow once a moss plant is fertilized.
What is inside the archegonium?
This type of liverwort looks like a mass of flattened or wavy green tissue on the ground and have a cup-like structure that contains their sperm.
What are thallose liverworts?