Liberal Opposition
What type of organisations expanded rapidly among African workers during the 1970s and organised strikes for better wages and conditions?
African trade unions
Which group of workers gained legal recognition for their trade unions under reforms in the late 1970s?
African workers
Which sport in South Africa was deracialised, allowing black and white players to compete together?
Football
Which two racial groups were incorporated into national political structures under Botha’s constitutional reforms?
Coloured and Indian People
Which political party was formed in 1959 by more liberal members of the United Party?
The Progressive Party
Which KwaZulu homeland leader refused independence and used national media to criticise the homeland system?
Mangosuthu Buthelezi
What change allowed Africans to remain in cities for longer periods through property arrangements?
Africans were allowed to rent property long-term in urban areas
Which local government bodies for black urban areas were given greater powers in 1979?
African Urban Councils
What advisory political body did Botha create in 1980?
The President's Council
Which MP was the only Progressive Party member to retain her seat in the 1961 election?
Helen Suzman
Approximately how many skilled workers was South Africa short of by the early 1970s?
Around 100,000
What was the name of the Commission that saw priority housing for skilled African workers?
Riekert Commission
Which group within the black population did Botha encourage Afrikaners to provide opportunities for?
Black urban elite
What new political position did Botha hold after the constitutional reforms of 1983?
Executive State President
Which Progressive Federal Party leader supported a universal non-racial franchise and tried to build links with black leaders?
Frederik van Zyl Slabbert
What federation unified many of these trade unions in 1979?
FOSATU (Federation of South African Trade Unions)
What was the nickname of the rights given to skilled African workers that saw them able to bring their families to urban areas?
Section 10 Rights
Why did Botha attempt to work with certain homeland leaders such as Buthelezi?
Because they were seen as moderate alternatives to the ANC
What was the name of the parliamentary system introduced in 1983 with separate chambers for different racial groups?
The tricameral parliament
What type of voting system did the Progressives initially support for black South Africans?
A restricted / qualified franchise
Why did many employers oppose the two-year conscription of white South African men?
Because it removed skilled white workers from the workforce
How many Africans were deported to Bantustans in 1978?
273,000
Why did the National Party continue investing heavily in the homelands despite recognising urbanisation was increasing?
To maintain the apartheid system and encourage Africans to remain in the homelands
Why did Botha want more power to be held by the executive rather than parliament?
To centralise decision-making and maintain white control while implementing limited reforms