Chemistry of Life
This process causes the loss of a protein’s structure.
What is denaturation?
This structure holds the genetic information of the cell.
What is the nucleus?
The reactant that an enzyme acts on.
What is a substrate?
These are the the three steps of cell communication.
What are signal reception, transduction, and response?
This quantity, along with volume, is used to measure a cell’s efficiency in diffusion.
What is surface area?
This is the monomer of a polypeptide.
What is an amino acid?
This amphiphilic molecule is found in the membrane.
What is a phospholipid?
This binds directly to the active site of an enzyme, blocking the substrate.
What is a competitive inhibitor?
This type of loop amplifies the initial stimulus.
What is a positive feedback loop?
This type of reaction builds macromolecules by removing water.
What is dehydration synthesis?
This reaction breaks down polymers into monomers.
What is hydrolysis?
This concept provides an explanation for the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes.
What is the endosymbiont theory?
This series of reactions converts electrons potential energy into chemical energy.
What is the electron transport chain?
This intracellular molecule is a "secondary messenger", repeating and amplifying a transduced signal throughout the cell.
What is cAMP (cyclic AMP) ?
Water’s ability to stick to other substances, such as the walls of plant vessels, is due to this property.
What is adhesion?
These are the three parts of a nucleic acid.
What are a ribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base?
This active transport system moves metal ions against their concentration gradient across the cell membrane.
What is the sodium-potassium pump?
This is where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place.
What are thylakoids?
This type of intercell communication is done locally with the release of signal molecules.
What is paracrine signalling?
This steroid is a component in animal cell membranes.
What is cholestrol?
This level of structure in a protein consists of coils and folds in the polypeptide chain.
What is the secondary structure?
This type of active transport involves the use of surface proteins to detect material and then form a vesicle that engulfs the proteins and target material.
What is receptor-mediated endocytosis?
This is the step of all cellular respiration, both aerobic and anaerobic.
What is glycolosis?
This enzyme is responsible for phosphorylating proteins in signal transduction pathways, turning them "on".
What is protein kinase?
During photosynthesis, this enzyme is responsible for fixing carbon dioxide into an organic molecule.
What is RuBisCO?