Lecture 5 - Spine
The inner gelatinous portion of the intervertebral disc.
What is the nucleus pulposus.
The boundaries of the thorax include:
What are the neck, diaphragm, ribs, vertebrae and sternum.
This ligament prevents anterior translation of tibia.
What is the anterior cruciate ligament.
The hip, similar to the shoulder, is this type of joint?
What is synovial ball and socket.
The "unhappy triad" includes injuries to which 3 structures?
What is the ACL, MCL, lateral/medial meniscus.
The transversospinalis muscle group attaching to the spine. When one side contracts it acts to?
What is lateral flexion to the same side and rotation towards the contralateral side.
DAILY DOUBLE!! The diaphragm and external intercostals are your primary muscles of respiration. What is another primary muscle of respiration?
What is the SCM.
Scalenes, pec minor, serratus anterior (inspiration) and internal intercostal, transversus thoracis, external oblique, internal oblique, rectus abdominus (expiration) are all accessory muscles of respiration.
Knee flexion/extension is a combination of these movements.
What is rotation/rolling and glide.
This injury can be a delayed consequence of scrotal contusion.
What is traumatic hydrocoele.
This degree of sprain in the knee has pain, tenderness, limp, swelling, "snap" as well as moderate increased laxity with a firm end point associated with it.
What is a 2nd degree sprain.
The 8th cervical nerve travels between which vertebrae?
What is the 7th cervical vertebrae and 1st thoracic vertebrae.
Thorax sprain/strain as well as rib fracture is associated with difficulty taking a deep breath, AKA
What is dyspnea.
This structure in the knee has good blood supply, poor blood supply, and no blood supply. Name and describe.
What is the meniscus. The outer 1/3 has good blood supply, the middle 1/3 has poor blood supply, and the inner 1/3 has no direct blood supply.
The femoral and sciatic nerves arise from these nerve roots.
What is L2 to L4 for femoral nerve, L4 to S3 for sciatic nerve.
This complication following head injury results in slow accumulation of blood between the dura mater and the brain.
What is a subdural hematoma.
With a spinal strain/sprain, if there are any neurologic symptoms you assume fracture/dislocation, stabilize and send to hospital. 3 examples of neurologic symptoms include:
What are radiating pain, numbness/tingling, weakness, atrophy of muscles, decreased/absent DTR.
A life threatening injury in which air enters the thorax through the rib cage or from the lung, resulting in lung collapse.
What is an open or closed pneumothorax.
Significant swelling with a knee injury suggests it is intracapsular. Possibilities include:
What is the meniscus, ACL, PCL.
DAILY DOUBLE!! The muscles responsible for hip abduction include?
What is gluteus medius, minimus, tensor fascia latae, gluteus maximus.
A complication of a contusion that may occur if there are repeated blows, or heat and deep tissue massage is used immediately after the injury.
What is myositis ossificans.
"Stinger" or "burner" is the result of stretch or compression of nerves comprising the?
What is the brachial plexus.
This hernia is reducible although it is difficult and you can still hear bowel sounds when listening with a stethoscope.
What is an incarcerated hernia.
The tibia and femur do these movements during terminal knee extension. I.e. the "screw home" locking mechanism.
What is internal rotation of the femur and external rotation of the tibia.
A complication of hip fracture when blood supply to the femoral head is cut off?
What is avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
Of the 12 pairs of ribs, describe their attachments (or lack thereof) to the sternum.
Ribs 1 - 7 are true ribs and attach directly to the sternum. Ribs 8, 9, and 10 are false ribs and attach via common cartilage attachment to the sternum. Ribs 11 and 12 are free floating.