Lecture 1
Heart rate x stroke volume = ?
What is cardiac output.
This synovial ankle joint is between the tibia and talus.
What is the talocrural joint.
Tinea capitis is a fungal infection where?
What is the scalp.
Structures that hold the tibia and fibula together?
What is the tibiofibular ligaments and interosseus membrane.
This compartment syndrome improves with rest.
What is chronic compartment syndrome.
This food source is most easily broken down for energy, converts into 4kcal/g, and the average 150lb athlete has 1500 calories in this form of energy.
What is carbohydrates?
The ankle is most stable in this position? As a result, nearly __% of sprains are inversion sprains while plantar flexed.
What is dorsiflexed, 85 percent.
What injury is often the result of tight fitting shoes, pain often decreases while barefoot, with pain located on the plantar surface of foot.
What is plantar (Morton's) neuroma.
These muscles are in the superficial posterior compartment of the lower leg?
What is the gastrocnemius and soleus.
Daily Double!! During the maturation/remodeling phase of healing, this cell helps to re-orient the collagen fibres in the direction of loading, remove poorly oriented collagen fibrils and help deposition of collagen fibrils in one direction.
What are myofibroblasts.
Approximately 60% of the body is composed of water, what percentage loss of water body weight can negatively affect athletic performance.
What is 2%.
Daily Double!! No snap, pop or increased laxity dictates sprain must be which degree.
What is first degree.
Examples of suspension support for the arch of the foot include?
What is tibialis anterior and peroneus longus muscles.
Achilles tenosynovitis is injury to what structure?
What is the peritendon sheath that surrounds the achilles tendon.
Complications of ankle sprain include (name 3)?
What is recurrence, chronic instability, fracture, dislocation, subtalar joint injury.
Saddle joint is located where?
What is the thumb.
Ottawa Ankle rules helps you determine what? Give one example of Ottawa Ankle rules.
Whether an ankle X-ray is required. 1) inability to weight bear at time of injury 2) inability to weight bear 4 steps at time of examination 3) pain at inferior or posterior pole of medial and lateral malleolus 4) pain in malleolar area
Plantar fasciitis often presents with pain for the first few steps in the morning, pes cavus and pes planus are both vulnerable. There is often point tenderness at this spot.
What is the medial calcaneal tubercle.
Medial tibial stress syndrome or true "shin splints" involves cortical micro fractures and periostitis/strain of what muscle(s) origin?
What is the tibialis posterior, medial soleus, flexor digitorum longus.
The following types of imaging can be used for stress fractures. _________ can often be negative even though a stress fracture is present. ___________ will detect a stress fracture if it is present.
What is X-ray and bone scan.
Rubor, calor, tumour, dolor, functio laesa are cardinal signs of what? For full marks explain each sign.
What is inflammation. Redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function.
Give phases of ankle rehab.
What are: Activity modification, Range of motion, Strengthening, Balance/Proprioception, Running progression, Return to sport
A crush injury is most common in these bones in the foot?
What is the metatarsals and phalangeals.
The 5 P's of compartment syndrome include?
What is pain, parasthesias, paralysis, pallor and pulselessness.
The tarsometatarsal joints are between?
What is the medial, intermediate and lateral cuneiform bones and cuboid bone with the metatarsals.