Background
What is the origin of the name "Bracero"?
Named after the men who work with their arms, or brazos
When was the bracero program constitutionalized?
1942
What changes in economic structure happened in Mexico as a result of the bracero program?
Increase in household income and capital investments/inflated income due to remittance
What is the principal idea of the revolving door phenomenon?
-US seeking immigration in times of crisis and pushing out migrants in a cycle
Why was the Bracero program terminated?
Racism, wage theft and mistreatment from employers
What is the name of the organization founded by farm worker leader Cesar Chavez?
United Farmworkers of America
What type of health effects did the bracero program have in countries of origin?
Positive health effects/ increase in child weight and decreased infant mortality
What effect does the “revolving door” sustain?
"Illegality"
When did the Bracero Program start and end?
1942-1964
When was the immigration reform and control act intended to control undocumented immigration passed?
1986
What changes in educational attainment happened in countries of origin?
Higher educational attainments and increased investment of education programs/higher enrollment
What government entity is responsible for enforcing the “expulsion” part of the revolving door phenomenon?
Border patrol
What percentage of Braceros accounted for the total amount of agricultural workers in 1964?
11%
When was operation wetback greenlighted in the US and what was its purpose?
1954, the expulsion of undocumented immigrants and former bracero workers
How many workers left countries of origin for the bracero program?
4 million
What famous operation concluded one of the first cycles of the revolving door policy?
Operation Wetback
What world event prompted the bracero program?
World War II
What law amendment in 1965 changed previous legislation that excluded immigration specifically from Asian countries?
The Hart-Celler Act of 1965
What effect did the bracero program have on unemployment trends of sending communities?
Unemployment increase
What US policy contributed to an “internal” revolving door cycle?
Government sanctions on employers that didn’t “check papers”