cells & nervous system basics
This type of nervous system cell is responsible for transmitting and processing information
what are neurons?
This structure rests on top of the brainstem and is responsible for high cognitive functions
what is the cerebrum?
This lobe is primarily responsible for vision
what is the occipital lobe?
This structure connects the spinal cord to the brain
what is the brainstem?
This hemisphere is primarily responsible for expressive and receptive language
what is the left hemisphere?
These cells provide structural support and background functions for neurons
what is neuroglia?
The ridges & valley of the cerebrum are called these two structures
what are gyri and sulci?
This lobe contains the primary motor cortex and is involved in expressive language
what is the frontal lobe?
Known as the "little brain", this structure helps coordinate movement
what is the cerebellum?
This brain area helps find words to express meaning
what is the Broca's area?
These neurons transmit sensory(afferent) information from the body to the brain
what are sensory neurons?
This is the surface tissue of the cerebrum
what is the cerebral cortex?
This lobe is mainly sensory and contains the primary sensory cortex
what is the parietal lobe?
This structure acts as a sensory relay station for information (except smell)
what is the thalamus?
This area is responsible for interpreting the meaning of spoken words
what is Wernicke's area?
This division of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord and is encased in bone
what is the central nervous system (CNS)?
This fold in the brain divides the left and the right cerebral hemispheres
what is the longitudinal fissure?
This lobe houses the hippocampus and is important for memory
what is the temporal lobe?
These structures help initiate movement and inhibit unwanted movement
what are the basal ganglia?
Damage to the Broca's area results in knowing what to want to say but being unable to say it
what is Broca's aphasia?
These neuroglia cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
what are Schwann cells?
This large white matter structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres
what is the corpus callosum?
Damage near the base of the motor strip in the frontal lobe may cause this speech disorder
what is apraxia of speech?
Motor fiber decussate in this part of the brainstem, causing contralateral weakness if damage above it
This hemisphere interprets non-linguistic signals like facial expression, gestures, and prosody
what is the right cerebral hemisphere?