Learning & Memory
Neurological disorders; Autism, ADHD; Schizophrenia
Anxiety/Affective Disorders
Stress
Addiction
100
What type of learning involves the association between two stimuli?
Classical Conditioning
100
What are the two things we would find in postmortem tissue from an Alzheimer's brain?
Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
100
In bipolar disorder, which phase generally lasts longer, mania or depression?
Depression
100
Which hormone stimulates the production and release of cortisol?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
100
Name the brain region AND neurotransmitter most heavily associated with reward.
NAcc and DA
200
Name one of the receptors critical to LTP
NMDA receptors; AMPA receptors
200
Name one of the genes implicated in Parkinson's disease
a-synuclein; Parkin
200
Name one of the treatments (discussed in class) for depression
MAO inhibitors, SSRI, SNRI, Electroconvulsive therapy, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Deep brain stimulation, Vagus nerve stimulation, Phototherapy Sleep deprivation
200
Name one of the two epigenetic mechanisms discussed in class that may underlie the long-term effects of stress
DNA methylation, Histone acetylation
200
Name two triggers for drug relapse
Stress, Depression, Context, Drug re-exposure
300
What is the name of the hippocampal pathway running from the CA3 to the CA1?
Schaeffer Collaterals
300
Name two factors that appear to influence the development of autism (both discussed in lecture)
fetal testosterone exposure, immune factors (mom's antibodies)
300
Overactivity of what system is thought to be involved in anxiety disorders?
The limbic system (the amygdala in particular)
300
Name the receptor and ligand responsible for negative feedback in the HPA axis
Glucocorticoid receptor, cortisol
300
According to your book, what plays a stronger role in addiction, genetics or environment?
Genetics
400
The strengthening of a weak synapse by increased activation is called what?
NON-ASSOCIATIVE Long-Term Potentiation
400
Name the most prominent brain region and neurotransmitter involved in ADHD (discussed in lecture)
Prefrontal cortex, DA
400
In an individual with anxiety, is prefrontal cortex activity higher or lower compared to someone without anxiety?
Lower
400
Name the nucleus in the hypothalamus that stimulates CRH production
Paraventricular nucleus
400
The reduction of DA receptors is involved in what two drug-related behavioral phenomena?
Tolerance and withdrawal
500
What enzyme guarantees its own synthesis and is both necessary and sufficient for the late phase of LTP?
PKM-zeta
500
What factor influences the concordance rate of schizophrenia in monozygotic twins?
Whether or not they share a placenta (monochorionic or dichorionic)
500
Name two of the brain regions specifically mentioned in the textbook that are involved in anxiety.
Amygdala, Cingulate cortex, Prefrontal cortex, Insular cortex
500
Would having fewer glucocorticoid receptors increase or decrease the stress response in terms of cortisol release?
Increase (more cort production)
500
Give an example of negative reinforcement (can't be the exact one I gave you in lecture).
Answer will vary by group...a correct example will be of a stimulus that is removed by a certain behavior and thus reinforces the occurrence of that behavior.
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