Chapter 8
This internal biological clock regulates the circadian rhythm
What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)?
This hormone is released by the posterior pituitary gland to conserve water
What is vasopressin (or antidiuretic hormone, ADH)?
This brain region is activated during emotional decision-making and is part of the limbic system.
What is the amygdala? or Prefrontal cortex
This type of memory is characterized by the deliberate recall of information.
What is explicit memory?
This stage of sleep is characterized by sleep spindles and K-complexes
What is Stage 2 sleep?
The hypothalamic area responsible for temperature regulation
What is the preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (POA/AH)?
"This theory posits that physiological arousal precedes the emotional experience."
What is the James-Lange theory?
"This ion's entry into the postsynaptic neuron through NMDA receptors triggers a cascade of events leading to LTP."
What is calcium?
The distinctive electrical pattern associated with REM sleep
What are PGO (pons-geniculate-occipital) waves?
This type of thirst results from a loss of overall blood volume.
What is hypovolemic thirst?
"This hypothesis suggests that our facial expressions can influence how we feel."
What is the facial-feedback hypothesis?
This term describes the physical representation of learning in the brain.
What is an engram?
Name one sleep disorder characterized by inadequate oxygen intake during sleep
What is sleep apnea?
"The peptide released by fat cells that regulates long-term hunger and satiety.
What is leptin?
"Damage to this brain region impairs moral decision-making and leads to impulsive behavior."
What is the prefrontal cortex (specifically the ventromedial prefrontal cortex)?
"This type of memory involves skills and habits, often intact in individuals with amnesia."
What is procedural memory?
"This neurotransmitter inhibits motor activity during REM sleep.
What is GABA?
"This brain region monitors osmotic pressure and signals the release of vasopressin to maintain water balance.
What is the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT)?
"The dual-hormone hypothesis suggests aggression is highest when these two hormone levels are in specific conditions."
What are high testosterone and low cortisol?
"This process strengthens synaptic connections and is considered a neural basis for learning and memory."
What is Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)?