Intro to Neuroscience
The parts of a neuron
What are cell body, dendrite, axon, and synapse?
The grooves and ridges in the cerebral cortex caused by its folding to create more surface area for higher processing power
What are sulci and gyri, respectively?
The most common neurotransmitter used in excitatory neurons.
What is glutamate?
The number of neurons in the human brain
What is 86 billion?
The function of the dendrite
What is receives messages from other neurons?
Two divisions of the nervous system
What are central and peripheral nervous systems?
The most common neurotransmitter in inhibitory neurons.
What is gamma amino butyric acid? (GABA)
The ability to modify neural connections to better cope with new circumstances
What is plasticity? (or neuroplasticity)
The sensory relay station for every sense except one
What is the thalamus?
The all-or-nothing electrical impulse that neurons use to transmit information to the next neuron
What is an action potential?
The lobe that contains the amygdala and hippocampus
What is the temporal lobe?
The neurotransmitter implicated in many mental illnesses, such as depression, OCD, and anxiety disorders
What is serotonin?
The condition caused by damage to its namesake area in the left frontal lobe that impairs language production
What is Broca's Aphasia?
The region of the brain that controls the timing of voluntary movements
What is the cerebellum?
The chemicals released from a neuron that travel across the synapse and bind to receptors on the next neuron to induce the next action potential.
What are neurotransmitters?
The region of the brain that controls swallowing
The neurotransmitter important for many reward and pleasure systems, and for movement
What is dopamine?
The condition caused by damage to its namesake area in the left temporal lobe that impairs language comprehension
What is Wernicke's Aphasia?
Roles of each of the lobes
What is ... Frontal Lobe •Initiating and coordinating motor movement, higher cognitive skills, problem solving, thinking, planning, organizing, personality, emotion Parietal Lobe •Sensory processes, attention, language •Damage to left side: diminished understanding of written/spoken language •Damage to right side: difficulty in navigating spaces Occipital Lobe •Process visual information including recognition of shape and color Temporal Lobe •Process auditory information and integrated info with other senses •Plays role in short term memory through the hippocampal formation and the learned emotion responses of the amygdala
The neurotrasmitter that is released at neuro-muscular junctions and induces muscle movement?
What is acetylcholine?
The sense that is not processed through the thalamus
What is smell?
The neurotransmitter whose receptors are lost in an autoimmune condition called myasthenia gravis
What is acetylcholine?