H.M.
Learning and Memory
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
The Developing Brain
100
What was left of H.M.'s memory after his surgery?
Left with amnesia that only provided him with memories of past and facts about his family and self, but was left unable to form NEW memories
100
What type of memory is in use when you run back to your locker to retrieve you phone and jot down a phone number you friend just gave you?
working memory
100
What is synaptic plasticity?
The ability for the synapses to remodel themselves
100
Damage to what area in the brain would result in face blindness?
Fusiform face area (FFA)
100
Which layer during development signals for secretion of the sonic hedgehog signaling molecule?
mesoderm
200
Did H.M. lose his working memory?
no
200
What type of memory would one of being with you family on a summer vacation in 2018 be?
Episodic memories
200
What is the function of the amygdala in regard to memory?
Integrates emotion into memories, especially episodic memories
200
If a patient came in, presenting with the ability to understand words, but the inability to produce coherent words, what might they have?
Broca's aphasia (nonfluent)
200
What is the purpose of a growth cone?
located at the tip of the axon explores the enviornment and seeks out destination during growth of axon
300
What operation did H.M. undergo that left him unable to form new memories?
H.M. had his medial temporal lobes removed along with most of his hippocampus
300
Grid cells are involved in what type of emory and what are their function?
Grid cells are involved in spatial memory, and allow one to perceive exactly where they are in a place.
300
Which part of the brain encodes punishment by inhibiting dopamine release in the brain?
the lateral habenula
300
Damage to the left temporal lobe might result in what?
Wernicke's aphasia (fluent)
300
During synapse formation, what is the purpose of the astrocytes?
they contact neurons and provide support and scaffolding to neurons.
400
why was H.M.'s non-declaritive memory still intact?
His PFC, cerebellum, basal ganglia were all intact, which are all involved in this type of memory
400
What part of the brain is involved in working memory?
The PFC (prefrontal cortex) is most active during this type of memory
400
Which part of the PFC allows for one to have self regulation and dicipline in decision making?
The lateral PFC
400
what area of the brain is this?
brocas area
400
why do alcohol, cocaine, and other unsafe suba=stances affect the neurological state of the baby?
they disrupt migration, leading to disability or epilepsy
500
If H.M. had instead had parts of his PFC Removed, what types of memory might have been affected?
Working, nondeclaritive, semantic
500
What part of the brain aids the hippocampus in determining the "what" of episodic memories?
The parahippocampal region
500
What is the function of the periaqueductal gray?
It is involved in pain perception and stress response and contains receptors such as those for morphine and oxycodone for reducing pain
500
Damage to FOXP2 gene results in what?
difficulty moving jaw and mouth
500
90% of migration is controlled by what?
the radial glia