People
He would watch the same movies over and over because he couldn't remember he had seen them before
Who is Patient H.M. (Henry Molaison)?
This lobe is the first part of the brain to receive visual input
What is the occipital lobe?
This motor neurodegenerative disease involves a lack of dopamine being produced from your substantia nigra, and treatments include drugs that increase dopamine
What is Parkinson's disease?
This is the place where two neurons get very close to each other to release chemicals and "talk" to each other
What is a synapse?
This is whenan electrode is placed in the brain to stimulate part of it as a treatment for depression or Parkinson's disease
What is deep brain stimulation?
His personality completely changed after a railroad spike went through his frontal cortex
Who is Phineas Gage?
All your senses are relayed through here except for your sense of smell
What is the thalamus?
This disease involves plaques of beta-amyloid and tangles of Tau
What is Alzheimer's disease?
These are the type of receptor in your retina that can sense colored light
What are cones?
This is when you measure brain activity as electricity from the scalp
He stimulated parts of the brain to be able to understand their function
Who is Wilder Penfield?
Damage to the hippocampus would affect your declarative memory (facts and dates), but damage to this brain region would affect your procedural memory
What is the cerebellum?
This disease involves a storm of brain activity that can't be stopped, and can sometimes be treated with drugs or by removing the part of the brain where the storm starts
What is epilepsy?
This is the insulating fat layer along an axon that helps signals travel faster
What is myelin?
If you need a radiotracer to make an image of the brain, you are doing this kind of imaging.
What is positron emission tomography?
His amygdala isn't sending fear signals while he climbs El Capitan
Who is Alex Honnold?
The part of your cortex responsible for producing speech (it has a specific name, not just pre-motor or motor cortex!).
What is Broca's area?
This disease is what it is called when part of your brain loses blood supply and is damaged
What is a stroke?
Inside a synapse, neurotransmitters from a signaling neuron bind to these on the next neuron to send the message
What are receptors?
It's an imaging device with a magnetic field that's 30,000-60,000 times stronger than the magnetic field of the Earth
What is magnetic resonance imaging?
He couldn't remember that he had already said a computer used to be on a "six-foot tall rack" because he had a virus destroy his hippocampus
Who is Patient E.P.?
Your brainstem has a few different parts - one is the pons, and the other is this.
What is medulla?
If you had damage to your brainstem that left you with only the ability to move your eyes, you have this disease.
What is locked-in syndrome?
The brain doesn't have enough of this neurotransmitter (it starts with an "A") in Alzheimer's disease
What is acetylcholine?
This technology involves putting electrodes near the brain to measure its activity and using that activity to control a device, like a prosthetic arm
What is a brain-computer interface / brain-machine interface?