in the early days
Brain games
neural crest nest
neurogenesis
nuts for neuro
100
This structure will induce formation of the neural plate and underlie the neural tube
What is the notochord?
100
the telencephalon turns into these adult brain structures
What is the cerebrum?
100
neural crest cells migrate away from the neural tube to form these structures (be very general)
What are ganglia and other special tissues?
100
neuroblasts form the mantle layer around the neuroepithelial cells that will ultimately become this structure
What is gray matter?
100
spinal nerves are formed by these structures
What are processes from dorsal and ventral nerve roots?
200
closure of the anterior and caudal neuropore is highly dependent on availability of this substance
What is folic acid?
200
the mesencephalon turns into these adult brain structures
What is the midbrain of the brainstem?
200
this is the origin of neural crest cells
What are the neural folds?
200
gliablasts will ultimately become these cells
What are astrocytes and oligodendrocytes?
200
the pituitary gland is derived from these two structures
What is Rathke's pouch and the infundibulum?
300
TGF-B is an important signaling molecule in this type of differentiation
What is longitudinal differentiation?
*BONUS: What is longitudinal differentiation?
300
the metencephalon turns into these adult brain structures
What is the pons of the brainstem and the cerebellum?
300
name three cells that are derived from neural crest cells
300
microglial cells come from this cell lineage
What is the mesenchymal cell lineage?
300
The alar plate and basal plate of the myelencephalon (medulla) ultimately have two different functions. These are those functions.
alar plate => sensory (dorsal and lateral)
Basal plate => motor (ventral and medial)
400
Around day 28, the neural tube is divided into three parts, the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon, which are known as the primary ventricles. The primary ventricles further differentiate into secondary ventricles known as....
prosencephalon => telencepalon & diencephalon
mesencephalon => mesencephalon
rhombencephalon => metencephalon & myelecephalon
400
the myelencephalon turns into these adult brain structures
What is the medulla of the brainstem?
400
It is important to differentiate between derivatives from the neural tube vs the neural crest. These are the three main structures that are derived from the neural tube.
What are
1. CNS neurons and supporting cells
2. motor neurons of PNS
3. presynaptic autonomic neurons
400
The marginal layer will contain nerve fibers emerging from neuroblasts that will become this structure
What is white matter?
400
In the metencephalon, cells from the neruoepithelium migrate to the surface to form the external granular layer which is made up of this cell type
What are Purkinji cells?
500
transverse differentiation is also dependent on signaling systems, these are the signaling pathways important for dorsal vs ventral pattterning
Wnt, BMP for dorsal patterning
Shh for ventral patterning
500
The secondary brain vesicles turn into which adult neural canal regions?
telencephalon = lateral ventricles
diencephalon = third ventricle
mesencephalon = cerebral aquaduct
metencephalon & myelencephalon = fourth ventricle
500
neural crest cells that do not migrate and stay near the neural crest become this structure
What is the DRG?
500
this is the initial shape of neuroblasts
What is round and apolar?
500
the roof plate of the diencephalon gives rise to this structure where as the base give rise to this structure.
roof = choroid plexus
base = hypothalamus