Brain
Cerebellum and brain stem
Nervous system
Neuron
Ears
Eyes
Disorders
100
Name the neurodegenerative disorder that affects predominately dopamine-producing (“dopaminergic”) neurons in a specific area of the brain called substantia nigra?
A. MS
B. Huntington's Disease
C. Myasthenia Gravis
D. Parkinson Disease
D. Parkinson Disease
100
Turn the patient to his/her side
Have oxygen and suction equipment ready
Time the episode
Prevent injury to the patient
Provide privacy
What are Seizures?
100
What can the nurse do for a patient with Dementia on daily basis?
Do not question the clients reality
But do reorient frequently
Have a routine
Explain the procedure/chore step by step in simple language (no nursing jargon)
100
Central vision is gone?
What is macular degeneration?
100
Shadowy areas in central vision or unusually fuzzy or distorted vision. Some patients may notice wavy or distorted words when reading.
What is macular degeneration?
100
Which of the following is the overall aim of glaucoma treatment?
a. optimize the patient's remaining vision
b. reattach the retina
c. reverse optic nerve damage
d. prevent optic nerve damage
Prevent optic nerve damage.
Rationale: the aim of all glaucoma treatment is to prevent optic nerve. The treatment can not reverse optic nerve damage, further damage can be controlled
100
What are two types of conjunctivitis that are contagious?
a. allergic and toxic
b. toxic and viral
c. viral and bacteria
d. viral and toxic
C. viral and bacteria
200
This is a rare, inherited disease that causes the progressive breakdown (degeneration) of nerve cells in the brain. It has a broad impact on a person's functional abilities and usually results in movement, thinking (cognitive) and psychiatric disorders.
The symptoms can develop at any time, but they often first appear when people are in their 30s or 40s
A. Parkinson's Disease
B. Seizures
C. Huntington's disease
D. Multiple Sclerosis
C. Huntington's disease
200
The nurse is teaching a client with myasthenia gravis about the prevention of myasthenic and cholinergic crises. Which client activity suggests that teaching is most effective?
A. Eating large, well-balanced meals
B. Doing muscle-strengthening exercises
C. Doing all chores early in the day while less fatigued
D. Taking medications on time to maintain therapeutic blood levels
D. Rationale: Clients with myasthenia gravis are taught to space out activities over the day to conserve energy and restore muscle strength. Taking medications correctly to maintain blood levels that are not too low or too high is important. Muscle-strengthening exercises are not helpful and can fatigue the client. Overeating is a cause of exacerbation of symptoms, as is exposure to heat, crowds, erratic sleep habits, and emotional stress.
200
The nurse is admitting a client with Guillain-Barré syndrome to the nursing unit, the client has ascending paralysis to the level of the waist, knowing the complications of the disorder, the nurse should bring which most essential items into the client's room?
A. Nebulizer and pulse oximeter
B. Blood pressure cuff and flashlight
C. Flashlight and incentive spirometer
D. Electrocardiographic monitoring of electrodes and intubation tray
D. Rationale: The client with Guillain-Barré syndrome is at risk for respiratory failure because of ascending paralysis. An intubation tray should be available for use. Another complication of this syndrome is cardiac dysrhythmias, which necessitates the use of electrocardiographic monitoring. Because the client is immobilized, the nurse should assess for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism routinely. Although items in the incorrect options may be used in care, they are not the most essential items from the options provided.
200
A 56 year old patient who is hearing impaired is scheduled for a colonoscopy. Which of the following nursing actions are most appropriate in performing patient education prior to the procedure?
a. Face the patient directly, smile, and speak slowly. b. Continue to administer medications while educating the patient.
c. Nod to make up for awkward silence, even if you don't know what is being said
d. Use only gestures to communicate the highlights of content to be covered.
a. Face the patient directly, smile, and speak slowly
200
What is the greatest risk factors for cataract formation?
What is aging, history of DM, use of corticosteroids and exposure to ultraviolet light?
200
If the patient experiences excessive pain, swelling and bleeding the nurse should:
a. administer analgesic medications
b. cover the eye with an eye patch
c. turn, cough deep breath
d. notify the surgeon
D. Notify the surgeon
200
blood vessel breaks open and blood leaks into the brain
hemorrhagic stroke
300
Inflammation of the fluid and membranes surrounding your brain and spinal cord.
The swelling of the membranes typically triggers signs and symptoms such as headache, fever, nuchal rigidity and photophobia.
A. Meningitis
B. Myasthenia Gravis
C. Multiple sclerosis
D. Huntington's Disease
B. What is Meningitis?
300
The nurse has instructed a client with myasthenia gravis about strategies for self-management at home. The nurse determines a need for more information if the client makes which statement?
A. "Here's the Medic-Alert bracelet I obtained."
B. "I should take my medications an hour before mealtime."
C. "Going to the beach will be a nice, relaxing form of activity."
D. "I've made arrangements to get a portable resuscitation bag and home suction equipment."
C. Rationale:
Most ongoing treatment for myasthenia gravis is done in outpatient settings, and the client must be aware of the lifestyle changes needed to maintain independence. The client should carry medical identification about the presence of the condition. Taking medications an hour before mealtime gives greater muscle strength for chewing and is indicated. The client should have portable suction equipment and a portable resuscitation bag available in case of respiratory distress. The client should avoid situations and other factors, including stress, infection, heat, surgery, and alcohol, that could worsen the symptoms.
300
The nurse is performing an assessment on a client with Guillain-Barré syndrome. The nurse determines that which finding would be of most concern?
A. Difficulty articulating words
B. Cough and sneezing
C. Paralysis progressing from the toes to the waist D. A blood pressure (BP) decrease from 110/78 to 102/70 mm Hg
C. Rationale:
Respiratory compromise is a major concern in clients with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Clients often are intubated and mechanically ventilated Although orthostatic hypotension is a problem with these clients, the BP drop in option 4 is less than 10 mm Hg and is not significant.
300
The nurse on neuro unit can assign the following to UAP? SATA
1. Obtain urine specimen
2. Feed the patient
3. Document vital signs
4. Take vital signs and daily weights
2, 3 and 4.
300
What are the highest priority nursing managements for the patient with retinal detachment? SATA
a. promoting comfort and teaching complications
b. Restrict head movements
c. teaching how to remove foreign bodies and manage splash injuries
d. Teaching about self care and eye removal
a. Promoting comfort and teaching complications
b. Restrict head movements
a. Promoting comfort and teaching complications
b. Restrict head movements
300
A more widespread brain trauma from a blow to the head or swift shaking
Concussion
300
an infection that causes inflammation of the brain and spinal cord coverings; most commonly bacterial or viral
meningitis
400
A client is admitted with an exacerbation of multiple sclerosis. The nurse is assessing the client for possible precipitating risk factors. Which factor, if reported by the client, should the nurse identify as being unrelated to the exacerbation?
A. Annual influenza vaccination
B. Ingestion of increased fruits and vegetables
C. An established routine of walking 2 miles each evening
D. A recent period of extreme outside ambient temperatures
B. Rationale: The onset or exacerbation of multiple sclerosis can be preceded by a number of different factors, including physical stress (e.g., vaccination, excessive exercise), emotional stress, fatigue, infection, physical injury, pregnancy, extremes in environmental temperature, and high humidity. No methods of primary prevention are known. Intake of fruits and vegetables is an unrelated item.
400
A client with myasthenia gravis arrives at the hospital emergency department in suspected crisis. The health care provider plans to administer edrophonium to differentiate between myasthenic and cholinergic crises. The nurse ensures that which medication is available in the event that the client is in cholinergic crisis?
A. Atropine sulfate
B. Morphine sulfate
C. Protamine sulfate
D. Pyridostigmine bromide
A. Rationale:
Clients with cholinergic crisis have experienced over dosage of medication. Edrophonium will exacerbate symptoms in cholinergic crisis to the point at which the client may need intubation and mechanical ventilation. Intravenous atropine sulfate is used to reverse the effects of these anticholinesterase medications. Morphine sulfate and pyridostigmine bromide would worsen the symptoms of cholinergic crisis. Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin.
400
List 5 nursing care measures expected in the care plan of a person with ALS.
What are personal hygiene skills, ROM, assistance with elimination, assistance with nutrition, skin care observations, turn q 2 hours, aspiration precautions, check vital signs, assess for pain, numbness and weakness, psychological support, recreational activities, spiritual support, Fall Precautions.
400
The clinic nurse is reviewing the record of a client scheduled to be seen in the clinic. The nurse notes that the client is taking selegiline hydrochloride (Eldepryl). The nurse suspects that the client has which disorder?
A. Myasthenia Gravis
B. Parkinson's disease
C. Alzheimer's disease
D. Multiple Sclerosis
B. Rationale:
Selegiline hydrochloride is an antiparkinsonian medication. The medication increases dopaminergic action, assisting in the reduction of tremor, akinesia, and the rigidity of parkinsonism. This medication is not used to treat diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, or coronary artery disease.
400
Dizziness
Ringing of the ear (tinnitus)
Feeling of fullness in the ear
What are the symptoms of Meniere disease?
400
A nurse prepares a teaching plan for a mother of a child diagnosed with bacterial conjunctivitis. Which of the following, if stated by the mother, indicates a need for further teaching?
a. “I need to wash my hands frequently.”
b. “I need to clean the eye as prescribed.”
c. “It is okay to share towels and washcloths.”
d. “I need to give the eye drops as prescribed.”
C. “It is okay to share towels and washcloths.” Rationale: Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva. Bacterial conjunctivitis is highly contagious, and the nurse should teach infection control measures. These include good hand washing techniques and not sharing towels
400
brain disorder involving repeated seizures of any kind, caused by abnormally excited electrical impulses in the brain
epilepsy
500
A client is admitted with Parkinson's disease. The client's face is expressionless and monotone speech. Which of the following observation of the nurse is most accurate?
A. Client is most likely depressed and should be left alone
B. These are common symptoms of Parkinson's that produce an undesired fasade of an alert and responsive individual
C. The client's antipsychotic med may need to be adjusted
D. The client probably has dementia
B. Rationale: The nurse should recognize these are common symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
500
The home health nurse is visiting a client with myasthenia gravis and is discussing methods to minimize the risk of aspiration during meals related to decreased muscle strength. Which suggestions should the nurse give to the client? Select all that apply.
A. Chew food thoroughly.
B. Cut food into very small pieces.
C. Sit straight up in the chair while eating.
D. Lift the head while swallowing liquids.
E. Swallow when the chin is tipped slightly downward to the chest
A, B, C, E
Rationale: The client avoids swallowing any type of food or drink with the head lifted upward, which could actually cause aspiration by opening the glottis. The client should be advised to sit upright while eating, not to talk with food in the mouth (talking requires opening the glottis), cut food into very small pieces, chew thoroughly, and tip the chin downward to swallow.
500
major communication link between the brain and the rest of the body.
It can process many reflexes – unconscious, automatic responses to stimuli.
with the brain it makes up the central nervous system
Spinal cord
500
This potentially dangerous complication causes severe hypertension and bradycardia due to constipation, urinary retention, and pressure sores.
What is autonomic dysreflexia
500
If the patient experiences sudden excessive pain, swelling and bleeding the nurse should:
a. administer analgesic medications
b. cover the eye with an eye patch
c. turn, cough deep breath
d. notify the surgeon
Notify the surgeon
500
Farsightedness and nearsightedness are also known as
myopia and hyperopia
500
Bruising and bleeding on the brain due to localized trauma
contusion
600
The patient is positioned in supine with hip and knee flexed to 90 degrees
The knee is then slowly extended by the examiner (Repeat on both legs)
Resistance or pain and the inability to extend the patient's knee beyond 135 degrees, because of pain, bilaterally indicates _____?
A positive Kernig's sign
600
The client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Which past medical history finding makes the client most at risk for this disease?
A. Meningitis or encephalitis during the last 5 years
B. Seizures or trauma to the brain within the last year
C. Back injury or trauma to the spinal cord during the last 2 years
D. Respiratory or gastrointestinal infection during the previous month
D. Rationale:
Guillain-Barré syndrome is a clinical syndrome of unknown origin that involves cranial and peripheral nerves. Many clients report a history of respiratory or gastrointestinal infection in the 1 to 4 weeks before the onset of neurological deficits. On occasion, the syndrome can be triggered by vaccination or surgery
600
how many pairs of spinal nerves branch from the spinal cord?
- Controlling things such processes as breathing, arm movement and leg movement.
31
600
List 3 causes of Traumatic Brain Injury.
May include car accidents, falls, sports injuries, violent injuries such as gunshot wounds, explosion or combat injuries.
600
True or False?
For a child younger than 3 years, the pinna is pulled down and back for the administration of ear drops.
True
600
A woman was working in her garden. She accidentally sprayed insecticide into her right eye. She calls the emergency department frantic and screaming for help. The nurse should instruct the woman to take which immediate action?
a. Call the physician
b. irrigate the eyes with water
c. come to the emergency room
d. irrigate the eyes with diluted hydrogen peroxide
Irrigate the eyes with water
Rationale: In this type of accident, the client is instructed to irrigate the eyes immediately with running water for at least 20 minutes, or until the emergency medical service personnel arrive. In the emergency department, the cleansing agent of choice is usually normal saline. Calling the physician and going to the emergency department delays necessary intervention. Hydrogen peroxide is never placed in the eyes
600
Also known as a CVA or cerebrovascular accident, occurs when there is an interruption of the blood supply to any part of the brain. - two types
Stroke - ischemic and hemmorhagic
700
Clear, watery fluid which bathes the brain and spinal cord for protection by acting as a shock absorber, and allows for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the blood and the nervous tissue
Cerebrospinal Fluid
700
A client with Guillain-Barré syndrome has ascending paralysis and is intubated and receiving mechanical ventilation. Which strategy should the nurse incorporate in the plan of care to help the client cope with this illness?
A. Giving client full control over care decisions and restricting visitors
B. Providing positive feedback and encouraging active range of motion
C. Providing information, giving positive feedback, and encouraging relaxation
D. Providing intravenously administered sedatives, reducing distractions, and limiting visitors
C. Rationale:
The client with Guillain-Barré syndrome experiences fear and anxiety from the ascending paralysis and sudden onset of the disorder. The nurse can alleviate these fears by providing accurate information about the client's condition, giving expert care and positive feedback to the client, and encouraging relaxation and distraction. The family can become involved with selected care activities and provide diversion for the client as well.
700
Continue ESC
Pharmacotherapy for 200
Reveal Correct Response Spacebar
The home care nurse is visiting a client with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. The client is taking benztropine mesylate (Cogentin) orally daily. The nurse provides information to the spouse regarding the side effects of this medication and should tell the spouse to report which side effect if it occurs?
A. Shuffling gait
B. Inability to urinate
C. Decreased appetite
D. Irregular bowel movements
B. Rationale:
Benztropine mesylate is an anticholinergic, which causes urinary retention as a side effect. The nurse would instruct the client or spouse about the need to monitor for difficulty with urinating, a distended abdomen, infrequent voiding in small amounts, and overflow incontinence. Options 1, 3, and 4 are unrelated to the use of this medication.
700
The nurse will do these to detect which disorder
Meningitis?
700
What are post op instructions for cataract surgery?
Do not bend, cough or sneeze
Wear eye patch
Do not sleep facedown
Do not lift heavy weight
700
normal 'loss of accommodation' power of the eye that results as a consequence of aging
presbyopia
700
Halos around light or blurry vision
Loss of peripheral vision
feeling of pressure in the eyes
Increased intraocular pressure indicates that client has _______?
What is glaucoma?