The blood flow between neurons (or, the different areas of the brain that are activated during a particular task)
100
What is one major limitation of using a PET machine?
It requires the injection of a radioactive substance, so it cannot be conducted too often on one participant.
100
What is another term for lesioning?
Scarring
100
What brain imaging machine did Perry use in his natural experiment on neglected children?
MRI
200
What do researchers use MRI's to measure/investigate?
The structure of a brain.
200
What is the major correlation that can be determined by the use of the fMRI machine?
The correlation (relationship) between a particular cognitive process or behaviour and an area of the brain that is associated with that process or behaviour.
200
What is one important ethical consideration regarding the use of PET?
Either obtaining informed consent or right to withdrawal
200
What is another term for ablation?
Removal
200
Why did researchers perform an MRI scan on HM?
To see exactly what areas of his brain had been removed.
300
Why is an MRI preferred over CT scans?
Because it doesn't require an exposure to x-ray radiation, which could be an issue if looking for a tumour (because the radiation could affect the tumour negatively).
300
Why is an fMRI better than a PET?
Because it's more precise. Or, it doesn't require the injection of radioactive material.
300
What are two behaviours that a PET is useful for studying?
Language; Thinking
300
What happened to the rat after it had its hypothalamus scarred?
It doubled in weight.
300
What were the results of the MRI scans on the London bus and taxi drivers in Maguire's natural experiment?
The taxi drivers had larger posterior hippocampi and smaller anterior hippocampi than the bus drivers.
400
In an MRI, the magnetic fields are used in conjunction with what other type of frequency fields?
Radio
400
What does the textbook mean when it says, the fMRI provides "more dynamic rather than static" information?
An fMRI can measure neurotransmission occuring in the brain as it happens, instead of only providing "snap-shot" type information.
400
Why is a PET scan more effective for investigating Alzheimer's than an MRI?
Because it can measure changes in neural activity that happens in Alzheimer's patients. These changes happen early, whereas the MRI can only detect damage that happens after the disease is quite advanced.
400
What part of the rat did the researchers lesion to measure the effects of weight gain?
Hypothalamus
400
If Rosenzweig conducted his experiment now, what technology could he use to measure similar dependent variables?
MRI - it could show the differences in the structures of the brain based on the rats' different environments
500
What does MRI stand for?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
500
What does fMRI stand for?
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
500
What does PET stand for?
Positron Emission Tomography
500
What is an example of a post-mortem study carried out on a human?
Broca's study on Tan, when he dissected his brain to investigate what was the cause of his speech impediment.
500
What was the correlation discovered in the longitudinal study of Alzheimer's patients using a PET scanner?
A negative correlation between metabolic rates in the hippocampus and the development of Alzheimer's disease.