gross anatomy
this structure connects the spinal cord to the brain
what is its (non-structural) function
brainstem
integrates reflexes necessary for survival
these make up the brain cavity to protect the brain
cranial bones
periosteal dura
meningeal dura
fourth ventricle location/characteristics
space where pons and medulla oblongata come into contact with the cerebellum
this is the order of CSF flow through the ventricles
lateral ventricles -> interventricular foramen -> third ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> fourth ventricle
these are the functions of the cerebellum
where is it located
locomotion, balance, posture
posterior to the brainstem, inferior to the cerebrum
contains 10% of the mass and 50% of the neurons of the brain
the cranial meninges surround the brain and extend down the spinal cord and include which layers of mater?
arachnoid mater
dura mater (2 layers) (superficicial)
what is the subdural space and what does it contain
the space between the dura and arachnoid mater, small, contains serous fluid
this structure surrounds the diencephalon space
third ventricle
function of ependymal cells
filter blood so only a small portion enters choroid plexus and produce CSF
this structure is located deep in the brain, posterior to the brainstem and inferior to the cerebrum. what is it called and what are its divisions
diencephalon - thalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus
serum-like fluid lacking proteins but containing nutrients that bathes and protects the brain and spinal cord
cerebrospinal fluid
these are characteristics of the arachnoid mater
thin, fibrous membrane, with web-like features running through it
this space runs from the floor of the lateral ventricle to the third ventricle
interventricular foramen
areas that CSF enters after flowing from the fourth ventricles through the lateral and median apertures
subarachnoid space --> arachnoid villi of dural venous sinuses --> venous blood
this part of the brain is responsible for conscious thought and control
cerebrum
CSF is synthesized in this layer of sticking out connective tissue of the lateral ventricles
choroid plexus
this is the deepest meninge, and it has a thin membrane that closely adheres to the brain and down the spinal cord
pia mater
characteristics of the cerebral aqueduct
runs through midbrain (brainstem) and ends at fourth ventricle
order that CSF circulates and returns to ventricles in arterial blood
heart and lungs --> fourth ventricle's choroid plexus (produces CSF in fourth ventricle and restarts)
--> third ventricle's choroid plexus (produces CSF in the third ventricle and restarts)
--> lateral ventricle's choroid plexuses (produces CSF in lateral ventricle and restarts)
the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata all make up this structure
brainstem
characteristics of the subarachnoid space
between arachnoid mater and pia mater
web like projections go through, filled with CSF
dural venous sinus characteristics
falx cerebri characteristics
folded region of meningeal dura mater that acts as an anchor point for the cranial meninges
this ventricle is c-shaped and is situated on either side of the corpus callosum. CSF is first produced here
lateral ventricle
CSF production by epindymal cells within choroid plexus
median and lateral apertures characteristics
3 holes that connect ventricles to the subarachnoid space to exit inside of brain into meninges