Congress
The Presidency
The Bureaucracy
The Federal Judiciary
Review of All
100

House districting is done at the state level and the procedure varies by state. This is the drawing of legislative district boundaries to benefit a party, group, or incumbent.

What is gerrymandering?
100
Statements issued by the president after he signs a bill wherein he provides his interpretation of the law/modifies the intent of Congress. Important b/c this can affect the way the bill is interpreted. 
What are Signing Statements?
100
System of managing government through departments run by appointed officials.
What is bureaucracy?
100
This act delineated / clarified which cases have federal jurisdiction (authorization to hear certain types of cases) - which concern federal questions or involve citizens of different states. 
What is the Judiciary Act of 1789?
100
The 3 levels of federal courts.
What are the (1) District Courts, (2) Courts of Appeal (appellate courts), and (3) Supreme Court
200
Appropriations (money set aside) made by legislative bodies for local projects that are often not needed but that are created so local representatives can win re-election in their home districts.
What is pork barrel politics?
200
The constitutional requirement (Article II, Section 3) that presidents take care that the laws are faithfully executed, even if they disagree with the purpose of those laws.
What is the "take care" clause?
200
Loose and informal, ever-changing relationships that exist among sets of politicians, lobbyists, think tank experts, and public interest entrepreneurs who work in broad policy areas.
What are issue networks?
200
This is similar to an executive order by the court - commanding an official to do something that the law recognizes as an absolute duty and not a matter for the official's discretion.
What is Writ of Mandamus?
200
A veto taking place when Congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting a bill to the president, who simply lets it die by neither signing nor vetoing it.
What is a pocket veto?
300

In the process of making laws, navigating committee is the crucial roadblock. This is a tactic used for delaying or obstructing legislation by making long speeches and this is a rule for limiting or ending debate in a deliberative body (2 "answers" needed).

What is a filibuster and what is a cloture rule?

300

Refers to expansion of presidential staff/offices that arose from government expansion - these offices surround modern presidents in layers of bureaucracy that they can use to enhance their power and influence but can also make them feel isolated. 

What is an Institutionalized Presidency?
300
Mutually dependent relationships between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees. They dominate some areas of domestic policymaking (agriculture, water, public works).
What are Iron Triangles?
300
President FDR's failed 1937 attempt to increase the number of US Supreme Court Justices from 9 to 15 in order to save his 2nd New Deal programs from constitutional challenges.
What is Court-Packing Plan?
300
(1) The person who wants something done and (2) the person he or she hires/elects to do it. Referring to politics - the American people (the ____ ) elect their representatives (the _____) to get things done for them.
What/who are (1) principals and what/who are (2) agents?
400
Constitutional clause that gives congress the power to impose taxes, print & borrow money, regulate interstate commerce, negotiate treaties, declare war, and make any and all other laws necessary and proper for executing its power.
What is the Necessary and Proper Clause (Article I, Section 8)?
400

Theory holding that the President possesses the power to control the entire executive branch. The doctrine is rooted in Article II of the Constitution, which vests "the executive power" of the United States in the President. This can take the form of a president attaching signing statements to bills, and asserting his right to modify implementation or ignore provisions of a new law.



What is Unitary Executive?
400
A federal legislative agency that audits / investigates other agencies of the federal government and reports its findings to congress.
What is the Government Accountability Office?
400

Act passed in the last days of the John Adams administration, that reorganized the federal judiciary and expanded Federal appointments by establishing the first circuit judgeships in the country. The act was seen by the incoming president, Thomas Jefferson, and his Republican allies as an attempt by the outgoing president and his Federalist allies to retain their party’s control of the judiciary by packing it with their supporters. 

What was the Judiciary Act of 1801?
400
In judicial procedural doctrine which governs how the lower courts should do their work, this is the notion that precedent matters and should be followed.
What is Stare Decisis?
500
1. These are highly specialized groups that are fundamental in congress and set up to divide the labor and allow members to specialize and become experts. Access to them is controlled by the parties in congress. 2. These kind are permanently established and are responsible for legislation within a certain subject area.

3. These kind address temporary priorities of Congress and conduct investigations.

1. What are committees?

2. What are standing committees?

3. What are special committees?

500
1. This is the term used to refer to the president's right to withhold information from congress and the courts. 2. These are formal instructions/regulations from the president that have the force of law and can be used to control the bureaucracy.
1. What is Executive Privilege?

2. What are Executive Orders?

500
An official document which lists the new and proposed regulations of executive departments and regulatory agencies. This document outlines the proposed rule, discloses the data and analysis on which it is based, and invites written comments from the public (and/or possibly holds public hearings).
What is the Federal Register?
500
These are the three eras of the Court - trends in judicial activism that coincide with distinct eras in the judiciary's history. 
What are (1) National versus state authority, (2) government regulation of the economy, (3) civil rights and liberties
500

1. A body of high-ranking state officials, typically consisting of the top leaders of the executive branch, usually called ministers, but in some jurisdictions are sometimes called secretaries. 

2. There are currently 15 executive departments in this body - name 3. 

1. What is The Cabinet?

2. Administrator of the EPA Scott Pruitt, Administrator of the Small Business Administration Linda McMahon, Attorney General Jeff Sessions, Director of National Intelligence Daniel Coats, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency Mike Pompeo, Director of the Office of Management and Budget Mick Mulvaney, Representative of the United States to the UN Nikki Haley, Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue, Secretary of Commerce Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., Secretary of Defense James Mattis, Secretary of Education Elisabeth DeVos, Secretary of Energy James Richard Perry, Secretary of Health and Human Services Alex Azar, Secretary of Homeland Security Kirstjen Nielsen, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Ben Carson, Secretary of the Interior Ryan Zinke, Secretary of Labor Alexander Acosta, Secretary of State Rex W. Tillerson, Secretary of Transportation Elaine L. Chao, Secretary of the Treasury Steven T. Mnuchin, Secretary of Veterans Affairs David J. Shulkin, U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer, Vice President Michael R. Pence, White House Chief of Staff John F. Kelly

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