Presidential Powers/Rules
Allows the president to release individuals convicted of federal crimes from all legal consequences and restore their benefits of citizenship.
What is a presidential pardon?
The power that gives Congress control over money and spending.
What is the power of the purse?
Coordinated and mutually beneficial activities of the bureaucracy, Congress, and interest groups to achieve shared policy goals.
What is the Iron Triangle?
The highest level of the federal judiciary, which was established in Article III of the Constitution and serves as the highest court in the nation.
What is the Supreme Court?
The case in which the Supreme Court found that the implied powers doctrine was constitutional. Using the supremacy and the necessary and proper clauses, the Supreme Court ruled that Congress had the power to charter a national bank and that the state of Maryland could not tax that bank.
What is McCulloch v. Maryland?
An informal veto caused when the president chooses not to sign a bill within ten days, during a time when Congress has adjourned at the end of a session.
What is a pocket veto?
The chamber of Congress that requires members to be at least 30 years old, and have 9 years of citizenship, that works to be insulated from voters with 6-year terms.
What is the Senate?
An act of Congress that created the first United States Civil Service Commission to draw up and enforce rules on hiring, promotion, and tenure of office within the civil service. Also known as Civil Service Reform Act of 1883.
What is the Pendleton Act?
This is when the supreme court lets a previous decision stand.
What is a stare decisis?
This case established a precedent in favor of students’ free-speech rights in schools under the First and Fourteenth Amendments.
Tinker V. Des Moines
The role that makes the president responsible for guiding U.S. foreign policy and interacting with the heads of other nations.
What is Chief Diplomat?
The advantages of this include having more funding, experience, and voter support, so election is likely.
What is incumbency?
Coordinated and mutually beneficial activities of the bureaucracy, Congress, and interest groups to achieve shared policy goals.
What is the issue network?
The type of jurisdiction that means the court reviews a decision made by a lower court.
What is appellate jurisdiction?
The Second Amendment was incorporated for the first time when the city of Chicago’s handgun ban was struck down as unconstitutional. The Supreme Court ruled that outright bans by state or local government were not consistent with the Second Amendment, although some gun-control regulations are still permissible. The process of selective incorporation arose from the Court’s interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment, which forbids states from creating laws that deny fundamental rights to their citizens.
What is McDonald v. Chicago?
A law passed over President Nixon’s veto that restricts the power of the president to maintain troops in combat for more than sixty days without congressional authorization.
What is The War Powers Resolution?
A vote that allows senators to end a filibuster and proceed to action.
What is cloture?
When the federal bureaucracy settles disputes between parties that arise over the implementation of federal laws or determines which individuals or groups are covered under a regulation or program.
Bureaucratic adjudication.
A philosophy of constitutional interpretation that justices should wield the power of judicial review, sometimes creating bold new policies.
The unanimous Supreme Court ruling that overturned the “separate but equal” doctrine that had given legal cover to segregation policies for generations. This ruling applied only to legal segregation in public schools, but it helped to undermine Jim Crow policies that affected every part of life in the South.
What is Brown V. Board of Education?
A tactic through which presidents reach out directly to the American people with the hope that the people will, in turn, put pressure upon their representatives and senators to press for a president’s policy goals.
What is going public?
The type of Congressional committee that is called upon to investigate an issue like a crisis or scandal.
What is a select committee?
The merit-based bureaucracy, excluding the armed forces and political appointments.
What is the Federal Civil Service?
An opinion that agrees with the majority decision, offering different or additional reasoning that does not serve as precedent.
What is a concurring opinion?
This case required the application of a strict scrutiny standard to the use of race in drawing the boundaries of congressional districts.
What is Shaw v. Reno?