Bone Anatomy
"The shaft of a long bone."
What is the diaphysis?
"The dense, hard outer layer of bone tissue."
What is compact bone?
"Bone cells that break down bone tissue for resorption."
What are osteoclasts?
"A cylindrical structure within compact bone containing a central canal."
What is an osteon?
"The process of breaking down bone tissue and releasing minerals into the blood."
What is resorption?
"The end region of a long bone, primarily composed of spongy bone."
What is the epiphysis?
"The inner, honeycomb-like structure found in the ends of long bones."
What is cancellous bone (spongy bone)?
"Bone-forming cells responsible for the synthesis of bone matrix."
What are osteoblasts?
"Tiny channels that connect osteocytes within compact bone."
What are canaliculi?
"The body system that regulates calcium levels and bone growth through hormones like PTH and calcitonin."
What is the endocrine system?
"The part of a long bone where the diaphysis and epiphysis meet, crucial for bone growth."
What is the metaphysis?
"The site of red blood cell production, found within spongy bone in adults."
What is red marrow?
"Stem cells that give rise to osteoblasts."
What are osteoprogenitor cells?
"The central canal in an osteon that contains blood vessels and nerves."
What is the Haversian canal?
"The principle that bone grows and remodels in response to the forces placed upon it."
What is Wolff's Law?
"The hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis, containing yellow marrow in adults."
What is the medullary cavity?
"The connective tissue lining the inner surface of bones, including the medullary cavity."
What is the endosteum?
"These cells, derived from mesenchymal stem cells, are responsible for maintaining bone matrix and detecting mechanical stress."
What are osteocytes?
"Perpendicular perforating canals that allow blood vessels and nerves to connect between central canals."
What are Volkmann's canals?
"The hormone released by bones that helps regulate blood sugar and fat deposition."
What is osteocalcin?
"The membrane that covers the outer surface of bones, except at the joints, playing a critical role in nourishment and repair."
What is the periosteum?
"These structures within spongy bone create a lightweight framework and house bone marrow."
What are trabeculae?
"These red blood cells, produced in bone marrow, are responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body."
What are erythrocytes?
"The layers of bone matrix that form concentric rings around the Haversian canal."
What are lamellae?
"The hormone primarily secreted by the thyroid gland that decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity."
What is calcitonin?