Nationalism and Religion in Europe
What is meant by the term reformation
A movement for the reform of the abuses in the Roman Catholic church.
What is meant by the term 'piracy'?
Robbing and fighting at sea by captains who make it their profession.
Who financed many of the early French operations in the beginning of the sixteenth century?
Jean d'Ango.
The Spanish regarded the English as interlopers, what is meant by this term?
Intruder.
What is meant by the term Papal bull?
Any official edict or decree issued by the office of the pope.
Who led the reformation movement?
Martin Luther
Define Buccaneer?
Private captains who attacked only Spanish ships.
Name the French privateer who captured ships carrying Corte's treasure back from Mexico?
Jean Fleury.
Who was William Hawkins?
The father of John Hawkins.
Define Mare Clausum?
Official policy meaning sea closed to others.
How was Europe divided during this reformation
Into protestant and Catholic countries.
Who were the biggest illegal traders in the sixteenth century?
The Portuguese.
Who was given a fleet of 10 ships by his government to raid the Indies?
Francois Le Clerc.
What was he most famously known for?
Establishing the triangular trade.
Define the term Maroon?
Runaway slave
What is meant by the term crusade?
A holy war.
Why was it so easy for the Portuguese to smuggle goods?
They had similar appearance, language, religion and culture with the Spaniards.
How many times did Jacques Sore raided Havana in 1555?
Twice.
Name the privateers whose most notable exploits in the Caribbean was "Operation Isthmus"?
Francis Drake.
What is Inter Caetera?
The first document issued by the pope that gave Spain the authority to colonise lands newly discovered.
Who was the catholic king who said, " I should like to see the clause of Adam's will that excludes me from a share of the world".
Francis I of France
Why was it so much harder for the English and French to trade on Spanish colonies?
They differed from the Spaniards in religion, language and appearance.
Name the treaty in which peace was made between France and Spain in 1559?
Treaty of Cateau- Cambresis.
What did Francis Drake die of on his last expedition in 1595?
Dysentry.
What is the Convoy System?
This was a shipping system
consisting of two fleets called the Flota and
the Armada. Each fleet traveled at different
times of year and consisted of treasure ships
(galleones) accompanied by warships
(armadillas) for protection.