Basics & Patho
What is breast cancer defined as?
Unregulated growth of abnormal cells in the breast tissue
What is the greatest nonmodifiable risk factor for breast cancer?
Female gender
Where is the most common location for breast cancer lumps?
Upper outer quadrant of the breast
What must be done for any palpable breast mass?
Further diagnostic eval
What medication is used for hormone dependent breast cancer?
Tamoxifen
What hormones commonly stimulate breast cancer growth?
Estrogen and progesterone
How does early menarche increase risk?
Longer lifetime estrogen exposure
What skin change gives the appearance of an orange?
Peau d'orange
What is the definitive diagnostic test for breast cancer?
What targeted therapy treats HER2 positive cancers?
Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
How does breast cancer metastasize?
Through the bloodstream and lymphatic system
What genetic mutation significantly increases risk?
BRCA mutation
Why are breast cancer lumps often painless?
They grow slowly without inflammation early on
What type of biopsy aspirates fluid or cells?
Percutaneous needle biopsy
Why should BP and IVs be avoided on the surgical site?
To reduce risk of lymphedema
What system is used to classify breast cancer severity?
TNM system (tumor size, nodes, metastasis)
Name 1 modifiable risk factor.
Alcohol intake, poor diet, or physical activity
What nipple change is concerning for malignancy?
Retraction
What imaging test is used for early detection?
Mammography
What exercise is encouraged post op to prevent complications?
ROM of the affected arm
Which population is often diagnosed later with more advanced disease?
African American women
Why is genetic testing not routine for everyone?
It is expensive and often requires insurance documentation
How are many breast cancers first discovered?
Self-exam, partner exam, or screening
What exam combines inspection and palpation by a provider?
Clinical breast exam
What nursing diagnosis is common after mastectomy?
Disturbed body image