Screening your head off
Areola tough challenge
Roid Rage
Auntie Bodies
Taking it up a NOTCH1
100

How often should self breast exams be performed?

What is monthly

100
Tiny part of the breast that makes milk.
What is the breast lobule.
100
This is the location of steroid hormone receptors.
What is within the cell, usually the nucleus. Can also be in the cytoplasm.
100
The host immune response to malignancies can be characterized primarily as this kind of immunity.
What is cell-mediated immunity.
100
These are 4 fundamental changes that a cell undergoes on the path to malignancy.
What is development of unchecked growth signals, loss of normal cell death mechanism (apoptosis), acquisition of blood supply, loss of cell-cell junctions and gain of the ability to metastasize.
200

Three possible potential symptoms of breast cancer

What is swelling of any part of the breast, skin irritation/dimpling, breast pain, nipple pain, redness, scaliness, nipple discharge, lump in underarm area

200
A characteristic of breast tissue that is a major contributor to false-negatives in mammography, related to age.
What is breast tissue density.
200
These are two steroid hormones heavily implicated in breast cancer prognosis.
What is estrogen and progesterone.
200
These cells recognize the presence of MHC I complexes on the surface of a cell, presenting tumor antigen.
What is CD8+ cells.
200
This is a consequence of Myc over-expression in normal cells (not tumor cells).
What is turns on p14ARF, which triggers apoptosis via p53.
300

What is the age that insurance companies cover mammograms?

What is 40 years old

300
The most common site of lesion development in the breast.
What is upper, outer quadrant or "tail" of the breast.
300
This protein translocates cholesterol from the outer mitochondrial membrane to the inner mitochondrial membrane during steroid hormone synthesis.
What is steriodogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR).
300
These cells recognize the absence of MHC complexes on a cell affected by cancer.
What is NK cells.
300
These are 4 effects of PI3 Kinase, which leads to PKB/AKT activation.
What is activation of mTOR (cell survival), up-regulates Bcl2 (suppresses apoptosis), inhibits p27 and p21, suppresses PTEN.
400

What is a mammogram and what are the reasons to get one?

A mammogram is an x-ray picture of the breast Screening mammogram is for someone without symptoms that can detect tumors that can’t be felt or microcalcifications that can sometimes indicate breast cancer. This involves a few images of each breast. Can also be diagnostic mammogram after a lump or other sign/symptom becomes present. This kind involves more images to obtain views from several angles.

400
Tree-branched system connecting the breast lobules, lined by columnar epithelium.
What is lactiferous ducts.
400
After binding its receptor within a cell, what is its next action? (Mechanism of action?)
What is binds hormone receptor element (HRE) on chromatin within the nucleus to affect gene transcription (could be activating or inhibitory).
400
This is a mechanism of immune evasion used by tumor cells in which antibodies against tumor cell surface antigens can induce endocytosis and degradation of the antigen.
What is antigenic modulation.
400
BRCA I primarily participates in this kind of DNA repair, while BRCA II participates in this kind of DNA repair (though, both are involved in all forms of DNA repair).
What is NER and homologous recombination.
500

The next step if mammogram results are abnormal.

What is additional testing such as ultrasound, MRI, potentially a biopsy?

500
These surround the nipple to lubricate and protect it.
What is sebaceous glands.
500
This is the rate limiting step in steroid synthesis.
What is cytochrome p450-mediated cholesterol --> pregnenolone.
500
In this method of immune system evasion, the tumor secretes factors that artificially create sites cut off from the host response, like those seen naturally in the brain or eyes.
What is tumor-induced privileged site.
500
Not necessarily to do with oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, this is a major mechanism by which cells can become cancerous.
What is reactivation of telomerase activity.
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