Thorax
the windpipe which connects the mouth and nose to the lungs is called the...
trachea
name the 2 structures involved in the process of ventilation (breathing in and out)
diaphragm and intercostal muscles
True or False
You can live with just 1 lung
True
Fettes college was founded by
Sir William Fettes
name 5 different structures which are part of the thorax (20 points for each)
ribs, intercostal muscles, diaphragm, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleural membranes
True or False
when we breath in (inhalation) the pressure inside the thorax decreases
True
when we breath in the volume of the thorax increases, decreasing the pressure inside the thorax drawing air in.
name the gases being exchanged in the alveoli (100 points for each)
oxygen and carbon dioxide
Fettes was founded in _________ and started admitting girls in _________
(100 points for each)
1870 and 1970
name the feature which helps to keep the trachea open as air is drawn into the lungs
rings of cartilage
how many times a day (on average) do humans breath a day?
22,000
what is the name of the process used to describe air (oxygen) in the lungs moving from high concentration in the alveoli to low concentration in the blood capillaries
Diffusion
How many students are there in the school?
784
describe the function of bronchioles and alveoli (200 points each)
The bronchi split into smaller branches and then into smaller tubes called bronchioles.
Each bronchiole ends in a cluster of microscopic air sacs called alveoli.This is where gas exchange takes place
Describe and explain inhalation using the following words - contract, move, up, down, volume, pressure, increase, decrease
(50 points for each word)
- intercostal muscles contract
- ribcage moves up and out
- diaphragm contracts and flattens
- volume of thorax increases
- pressure inside thorax decreases
- air is drawn in
describe and explain what happens to your breathing rate when you exercise
it increases! this is to maximise gas exchange in the lungs and ensure muscles receive enough oxygen
what is the national animal of scotland?
A unicorn
The lungs are sealed within two airtight __________ _________________. These wrap around the lungs and line the rib cage.
Pleural membranes
Describe and explain exhalation using the following words - contract, move, up, down, volume, pressure, increase, decrease, thorax, air
(50 points for each word)
- intercostal muscles relax
- ribcage moves down and in
- diaphragm relaxes and becomes dome-shaped
- volume of thorax decreases
- pressure inside the thorax increases
- air is forced out
describe and explain 2 ways in which alveoli are adapted to carry out their function (250 points for each)
- Large surface area - increases efficiency (more points of contact)
- Blood capillaries - An efficient blood supply to transport molecules to and from the exchange surface increases effective exchange.
- One cell thick (walls) - short distance required for efficient diffusion
Scotland is home to the world’s tallest what?
Recognised by the Guinness Book of Records as the highest hedge in the world, the Meikleour Beech Hedge was planted in 1745 and is one third of a mile long (530 m) and 100 ft (30 m) high.