Mating Strategies
Relationships
Hybrid Vigor
Crossbreeding
Math
100
This mating strategy tends to create more genetic and phenotypic variation by mating similar individuals.
What is positive assortative mating?
100
The mating of related individuals is called what?
What is inbreeding?
100
This term describes a mild form of inbreeding that does not have as much negative connotation associated with it.
What is linebreeding?
100
List four criteria that are used to evaluate crossbreeding systems.
What are the merit of component breeds, hybrid vigor, breed complementarity, consistency of performance, replacement considerations, simplicity, or accuracy of genetic prediction?
100
The frequency of diaphragmatic hernia in dogs is 0.05. If a carrier male is mated to a randomly chosen female, what is the probability of producing an affected puppy?
What is 0.025?
200
This indicates that males with the most favorable breeding values are mated to females with the least favorable breeding values.
What is negative assortative mating?
200
This term describes the ability of an individual to produce progeny whose performance is especially like its own or is especially uniform.
What is prepotency?
200
These are the two most genetically important reasons for inbreeding.
What are to increase uniformity and to create an opportunity for hybrid vigor?
200
In this type of crossbreeding system, replacement females leave their location of birth to be mated to sires with different breed composition.
What is spatial rotation?
200
Wright's coefficient of relationship when the additive relationship between two individuals is 0.875 and the inbreeding coefficients of the individuals are 0.1 and 0.25 is equal to this.
What is 0.746?
300
This term is used to describe the mating of a sire from one breed to dams of another breed.
What is crossbreeding?
300
Diaphragmatic hernias in dogs and spider syndrome in sheep are examples of what?
What are deleterious recessive traits?
300
The mating of individuals more distantly related than average for the population is commonly referred to as this term.
What is outbreeding?
300
This type of crossbreeding system is much simpler than spatial rotations, but otherwise very similar.
What are rotations in time?
300
This equation reflects the amount of hybrid vigor.
What is HV = P(F1) - P(P) or the difference between the average performance of crossbreds and the average performance of their purebred parent lines or breeds?
400
Fertility, milk production, maintenance efficiency, and freedom from dystocia are examples of what type of traits?
What are maternal traits?
400
This type of trait is selected by natural selection and relates to an animal's ability to survive and reproduce.
What is a fitness trait?
400
This is the primary effect of outbreeding.
What is an increase in heterozygosity?
400
In this type of crossbreeding system, females sired by paternal-breed individuals are NOT kept as replacements.
What is a terminal sire system?
400
The percentage of F1 hybrid vigor retained in a 3-breed rotational crossbreeding system at equilibrium is equal to this value.
What is 86%?
500
Corrective mating is an example negative assortative mating and this.
What is complementarity?
500
This can be considered the correlation between breeding values of two individuals due to pedigree relationship alone.
What is Wright's coefficient of relationship?
500
Hybrid vigor or heterosis is the result of an increase in this value.
What is gene combination value?
500
Mark Twain described a dog produced by this type of system to be "...made up of all the valuable qualities that's in the dog breed - kind of a syndicate; and a mongrel is made up of all the riffraff that's left over."
What is a composite system?
500
This type of crossbreeding system takes advantage of both breed complementarity and provides crossbred replacement animals.
What is a rotational/terminal system?
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