Renaissance
What is the translation of "Renaissance" in French?
Rebirth
Why did Henry VIII break from the Church?
He wanted a male heir and the Catholic Church denied his annulment
Who built the Palace of Versailles?
King Louis XIV
Who wrote "Two Treatises on Civil Government" and believed everyone had natural rights to life, liberty, and property?
John Locke
Who were the members of the 1st estate?
Clergy/Catholic Church members
The use of common language
Give an example of vernacularism from the Reformation.
Martin Luther translating the New Testament into German
Who was the last King of France?
King Louis XVI
Who wrote Leviathan in 1651 and believed that people were naturally selfish and wicked?
Thomas Hobbes
What estate paid the most in taxes and were also the poorest?
3rd estate
Define secularism
to focus on worldly items (ie: luxurious goods, clothing, etc.)
Define indulgence
a release of punishment due for a sin
What theory did Copernicus author? When did he publish it and why?
Copernicus authored the heliocentric theory. He published it in the year of his death because he did not want to be persecuted by the Church.
reason, nature, liberty, happiness, and progress
What estate made up the National Assembly and what did they want?
3rd estate. Wanted a representative government, a Constitution, and an end to monarchy
Describe two differences between Renaissance and Medieval art. Be specific.
Flat vs. Perspective, lack of emotion vs. faces with emotion, background as solid color vs. landscape, no body glorification vs. body is glorified
What were the 95 theses? Who was it written by?
95 criticisms of the Catholic Church, mainly focused on the sale of indulgences. Martin Luther is the author.
Apply "rationalism" to the scientific revolution
asked questions and challenged commonly accepted beliefs
What idea did both Locke and Hobbes agree on regarding government?
The divine right theory was false.
What ideology falls furthest to the right on the political spectrum?
Reactionary
What are three reasons why Italy is the birthplace of the Renaissance?
1. Ancient Roman culture was still present in Italy
2. Urban city-states allowed for the spread of information
3. Wealth was present (merchants, middle class)
List 3 abuses of the Catholic Church that led to the reformation.
1. illiterate priests
2. sale of indulgences
3. corrupt/worldly leaders
4. Church was earning money.
Describe the ideas of Galileo. What was the reaction from the church?
List 3 legacies of the Enlightenment
belief in progress, rise of individualism, secularism, shaped western civilization, and changes in government
How does the slogan "Liberty, equality, and fraternity" sum up the goals of the French Revolution?
Liberty = freedom for all, equality among social classes, and brotherhood between all