Bronchodilators Beta 2- Adrenergic Agonists
What is the purpose for bronchodilators?
To relax smooth muscles in airway
Short acting medications
Albuterol (inhalation)
Levalbuterol
Terbutaline
How should you take long-acting and short-acting medications?
Long-acting taken on schedule (prevention)
Short-acting used for an attack (rescue)
Medications for Anticholinergic and what does it do?
Ipratropium- blocks the parasympathetic nervous system
Types of Methylxanthines medications and what they do?
Theophylline
Decrease airway reactivity and relax smooth muscle
Indications for Bronchodilators
Asthma, COPD
Long acting Medications
Albuterol (oral)
Formoterol
Saleterol
Steps of using a Metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
clear nose and throat
Breathe out, then place inhaler in mouth
Inhale deeply as pressing the inhaler
hold breath for several seconds
remove inhaler and exhale slowly
Ipratropium Indications and route
COPD and adjuvant for asthma
route: Inhalation
Indications for Theophylline and routes
Used for COPD and Asthma
Route PO
Preferred route for bronchodilators
Inhalation- Minimizes systemic reaction
Comboination medications
Albuterol and ipratropium (B2 and anticholinergic)
When using a spacer what should you do after each use?
Wash and dry device
Side effects for Ipratropium
Anticholinergic effects
tachycardia/palpataions
Nervousness
headache
Side effects for Theophylline
Tachycardia and arrhythmias
N/V, Diarrhea, Abdominal pain, Dizziness, Headache
Side effects in the Respiratory and Cardiac
Respiratory- Paradoxical broncochospasm
Cardiac- Tachycardia, Palpitations, Chest Pain
Short-acting Medications Indications
Rescue medication
Used for asthma attack or COPD
What should you do if using B2 inhaler with corticosteroid inhaler
Use bronchodilator first
Wait 5 mins
use corticosteroid inhaler
Nursing considerations for Ipratropium
Give on time
notify HCP if fails to relieve symptoms
Prevent medication from getting into eyes
Patient Education for Theophylline
Take full glass of water
Monitor blood levels- Therapeutic levels 10-19mcg/mL
Toxicity-20mcg/mL or greater
Risk for toxicity with high-fat meals
Other Side effects
Tremor, headache, dry mouth (short acting)
HTN (long-acting)
Long-acting medication Indications
preventative medication
used to control asthma or COPD
Administered on Schedule
WILL NOT STOP ASTHMA ATTACK
If you missed a dose what should you do?
Take dose as soon as you remember
DO NOT DOUBLE DOSE
Main thing that is BEST to do while taking this medication (ipratropium)
Rest and digest
Things to avoid with Theophylline
Hazardous activity and Change positions slowly