First Aid Knowledge
What are the 3 P's of first aid?
Preserve life
Prevent further injury
Promote recovery
30:2
What are the acronyms WARTS or STRAW used for?
They are used to treat shock.
Warmth
ABCs
Rest & reassure
Treatment (other injuries)
Semi-sit/semi-prone
What type(s) of zone coverage is the following:
You are guarding a certain area of a pool.
Hint: I or E or C
Intensive
What is the next course after Bronze Cross?
National Lifeguard
Do first aiders have the ability to diagnose? Why?
No, first aiders do not have the ability to diagnose. Only medical personnel can diagnose because they have more experience and medical knowledge.
What do you start with, in CPR, if the victim was pulled out of the water and why?
Start with breaths because they have a lack of oxygen—which caused them to go unconscious.
cyanosis (turning blue), shivering, cold, decreased consciousness, confusion, disorientation, fatigue, shock
Hypothermia
Two guards are scanning specific zones while another guard is scanning the whole pool.
Hint: I or E or C
Combination (both intensive and extensive)
What are the ways that assistant lifeguards communicate with other lifeguards?
Verbal communication, whistles, and hand signals
When you are treating a victim, what are the barrier devices you need?
Gloves and a pocket mask
What does CPR and AED stand for?
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Automated External Defibrillator
What are the 5 rights of medication?
Amount
Medication
Time
Method
Person
What are the 3 scanning patterns?
Starburst
Zig-zag
Arching
What certifications should assistant lifeguards hold?
Bronze cross and Standard First Aid / CPR-C
When you approach a victim, what is something that you must obtain before providing first aid treatment? How would it differ from adult and child/infant?
You would have to obtain consent. For an adult, you would ask them directly for consent. For children and infants, you would have to ask the parent/guardian for consent.
What heart rhythm will the AED initiate a shock?
Hint: VFVentricular Fibrillation
itchiness, rash, redness, hives, difficulty breathing, wheezing
anaphylaxis
What are some factors that affect scanning (what makes it harder)?
Glare, Sun, weather conditions, amount of people, bulkhead, ramps, pool mats, etc.
What are assistant lifeguards responsible to do in emergencies?
Help lifeguards in the emergency. Assist in getting the first aid kid, AED, incident/accident reports, clearing the pool, and any other requests the lifeguards have.
What would you do if the victim had a DNR (do not resuscitate)? Who does it apply to?
You would disregard it because first aiders do not obey these orders. It only applies to medical personnel such as doctors.
What should be the depth of your compressions on an adult and child/infant?
5 cm (2 inches) for adults
At least 1/3 of the chest for child/infant
tightening of chest, pain may occur in arms/shoulders/jaw, shortness of breath, weakness, sweating, in denial
It has happened a few times before, and requires medication.
Angina
Medication: Nitroglycerin
What are the 5 scanning strategies?
Head counting
Grouping
Mental filing
Profile matching
Tracking