Schools in Virginia
What happened to white schools in Virginia?
White schools closed down for 5 years.
Who are the Browns?
Oliver Brown was told his daughter was not allowed to attend a white school and would have to attend an AA school very far from home. He fought to help is daughter get into a closer school.
How did Brown v. Board start?
It was brought up by the NAACP.
Did Brown v Board work?
No, U.S. schools today remain widely segregated.
Where did the Brown v. Board case originate from?
Topeka, Kansas
How did students whos school were closed, get an education.
Makeshift schools were held in private homes, libraries, etc. Other students moved out of state for an education.
What is the NAACP?
The NAACP is an organization that ensures the political, educational, equality of minority group citizens of States and eliminate race prejudice. It stands for National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and it works fot the abolition of segregation and discrimination in housing, education, employment, voting, and transportation.
What was the 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause?
What was the Plessy v Ferguson case?
A decision that ruled that racial segregation laws didn't violate the Constitution as long as each race were equal, a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal".
How did most students feel about the closing of schools?
White students felt it didn't matter if there was integration, what mattered was getting an education.
What happened to black schools in Virginia?
Black schools stayed open.
What year did the Brown v Board happen?
This happened in 1954.
What was the outcome of the Brown v Board case?
The hearing required the desegregation of schools across America.
What was the White Citizen Council?
The White Citizen Council was a council to keep black people segregated. They threatened whites to support them and threatened back people keep away. Schools remained segregated.
What happened after black kids could go to integrated school?
They were constantly tortured. They were bullied and even physically abused.
How many students didnt attend school in 1958.
9,900 white students.
Which governor closed schools in Virginia because he didnt agree with desegregation.
Governor Almond
What was the goal of Brown v Board?
It was to overturn Plessy v Ferguson's "separate but equal doctrine" which had ruled segregation constitutional based on the 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause.
What did the Massive Resistance do?
The goal was to stop integration and shut down schools before they could desegregate. It used intimidation to stop black families from enrolling in white schools.
What happened to the kids at Little Rock High School?
Black students were kept out of the school for weeks. When they were finally let into the school, white kids harassed these students. These black students had to endure chili being poured on their heads during lunch, tacks on their chairs, walking on their heels and being kicked, causing long term issues and scars on their legs, acid thrown on them (one student’s eye was injured has to wear glasses), facing ‘cat calls’, 2-4-6-8 chants, name calling, and stalking.
What percentage of white students dropped when Virginia schools closed in 1960-1966?
41 to 21 %
When did Little Rock High School reopen?
It opened in 1959, as an integrated school.
What evidence was used to show that segregation was not equal and unconstitutional?
Dr. Clark's Doll Test- an experiment to study the psychological effects of segregation of AA children. It examined the development of racial identification, racial preference, and racial self-awareness.
What was the Southern Manifesto?
A document written to resist the Brown decision in 1956. Senator Byrd created this and got 100 state senators to sign.
What happened to the other cases that were associated with this case?
All 5 other cases all ended in defeat.