General First Aid
What are the 4 things you look for when doing a "quick assessment" of an injured person?
1. Is he breathing? 2. Is his heart breathing? 3. Is there severe bleeding? 4. Is there evidence of poisoning?
What is a closed fracture and a compound fracture
Closed fracture is a broken bone that does not cut through the skin. Compound fracture breaths through the skin.
What is dehydration?
If a person gives off (breathing, sweating, urination, digestion) more water than he takes in, he is suffering from dehydration.
What is the first step in First Aid for stopped breathing?
Open the airway. Place victim on back. Clear tongue from airway by pressing on forehead and lifting chin to tilt head back. Check mouth for gum, food, or other obstructions. Remove any obstructions by sweeping them out with your index finger.
What are ways to apply pressure to a wound?
Hands, ace wrap, strips of torn clothing, neckerchief
What is a sure sign of frostbite?
Grayish-white patches on the skin.
What are Hurry Cases?
Hurry cases are conditions that threaten a victim's life: - stopped breathing - no heartbeat - severe bleeding- poisoning- spinal injury
Should you perform the Heimlich Maneuver on a choking victim who is coughing?
No. The Heimlich Maneuver (and abdomen thrusts) should only be performed on victims who cannot speak, cough, or breathe.
Should you remove clothing from a third-degree burn victim? Why/why not?
No because the clothing may be sticking to the flesh.
What are 3 of the ways to help a victim of hypothermia?
1. Take the victim into a shelter & get in warm, dry clothes. 2. Zip into dry sleeping bag or cover with blankets, coats. 3. Offer hot liquids (hot chocolate, soup). 4. Give water bottles filled with warm fluid to hold in the armpit and groin areas. 5. If possible, have the victim breate warm, moist air. 6. Be ready to provide other first aid, if necessary. 7. Seek medical attention for the victim.
What is the best way to try to stop severe bleeding?
Direct pressure.
How do you treat hyperventilation?
1. Talk quietly to victim and encourage him to calm down and breathe slowly. 2. If necessary, having the victim breathe into a paper bag to help restore carbon diozide to the body.
What does DOTS stand for when assessing a fracture?
Deformity, Open Wounds, Tenderness, Swelling
Name 5 steps to treating Heatstroke.
1. Move victim to cool, shady spot. 2. Cool any way you can: remove outher clothing & sponge w/cool water; cover w/wet towels; place in cool water; fan; etc. 3. Keep victim lying down w/head & shoulders slightly raised. 4. Monitor victim closely. 5. Get emergency help right away.
How do you treat a nose bleed?
Sit leaning forward, ask the person to pinch the nose just below the nasal bone. Apply cold compress again the nose and surrounding area.
What are the 5 common signs of heart attack?
1. Uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain in the center of the chest behind the breastbone. The feeling may spread to the shoulders, arms, and neck. It isn't always severe. 2. Unusual sweating - for instance, even is a room is cool. 3. Nausea - usually first sign for women! 4. Shortness of breath. 5. A feeling of weakness.
Should you apply ice to a venomous snake bite to help stop the swelling?
Do not apply ice to a snakebite. It will not help the injury and can damage the skin and tissue.
What are the different degrees of burns
1st degree: Minor Burns, Sunburns
2nd degree: Partial Thickness, blisters
3rd degree: Full thickness, burns skin and tissue beneath
Name 5 symptoms of Heat Exhaustion.
1. Pale, clammy skin 2. Nausea 3. Fatigue 4. Dizziness/fainting 5. Headache 6. Muscle cramps 7. Weakness