General First Aid
What 4 things should you include in your first aid kit?
A) Bandaids, sterile gauze pads, adhesive tape, and moleskin
B) medication, eye protection, latex gloves, and a mouth-barrier device
C) pencil & paper, antiseptic, scissors, and an antibiotic
D) All of the above
What 3 things do you look for when doing a "quick assessment" of an injured person?
ABC
A - Airways (Can they breathe?)
B - Bleeding (Are they bleeding anywhere?)
C - Cardio (Is their heart pumping?)
True or False: When someone is stung by a bee or wasp, you should squeeze the wound to get the stinger out.
False. Squeezing will force more venom into the skin from the sac attached to the stinger. Use the edge of a knife blade to scrape away the stinger.
A broken bone that protrudes from the skin.
A compound fracture.
A person gives off more water (breathing, sweating, urination, digestion) than they take in.
Dehydration
The one thing for which you should treat every accident victim.
Shock
What is the first step in First Aid for stopped breathing?
Open the airway and place the victim on their back. Press on their forehead and lift their chin to tilt the head back. Check their mouth for gum, food, or other obstructions. Remove any obstructions by sweeping them out with your index finger.
How do you remove a tick?
Grasp the tick with tweezers close to the skin. Gently pull until it comes loose. Wash the wound carefully with soap and water, and apply antiseptic.
A first-degree burn.
What is a sure sign of frostbite?
Grayish-white patches on the skin.
Stopped breathing, no heartbeat, severe breathing, and/or internal poisoning
What are the conditions that threaten a person's life? "Hurry Cases"
A maneuver performed on someone who cannot speak, cough, or breathe.
The Heimlich Maneuver.
What first aid do you apply for NON-VENOMOUS snake bites?
Scrub with soap and water and then apply antiseptic. (Non-venomous snakes bites only cause minor puncture wounds)
Should you remove clothing from a third-degree burn victim?
No, because the clothing may make the severity of the burn increase (the clothing sticks to the flesh and may make the skin come off).
What are 3 of the ways to help a victim of hypothermia?
1. Take the victim into a shelter & get them in warm, dry clothes.
2. Zip them into a dry sleeping bag or cover them with blankets, coats, etc.
3. Offer hot liquids (hot chocolate, soup).
4. Give water bottles filled with warm fluid to hold in the armpit and groin areas.
While before or while doing this, seek medical help and attention for the victim.
Should you ever move an accident victim with serious injuries before help arrives?
It depends. If where they are is life-threatening towards them, they should be moved. If they are in a safe location, do not move them. Otherwise, more harm could be done.
Direct pressure.
The best way to try to stop severe bleeding.
How do you treat hyperventilation?
1. Talk quietly to the victim and encourage him to calm down and breathe slowly.
2. If necessary, having the victim breathe into a paper bag to help restore carbon dioxide to the body.
3. Have them take long, deep breaths.
What are the 5 steps for first aid for broken bones?
1. Check for signs of bleeding.
2. Calm them down/Treat for shock.
3. Immobilize both the victim and the broken bone. Make them as comfortable as possible.
4. Call for medical help.
5. If possible, apply ice packs to limit the pain and swelling.
Name 5 steps to treating Heatstroke.
1. Move the victim to a cool, shady spot.
2. Cool them any way you can: remove outer clothing & sponge w/ cool water; cover w/ wet towels; place in cool water; fan; etc.
3. Keep the victim lying down w/head & shoulders slightly raised.
4. Give them a cool icepack or water bottle.
5. Get emergency help right away.
Detect at least 10 signs of poison or venom.
1. Vomiting
2. Stomach pain
3. Dizziness
4. Confusion
5. Drowsiness or fainting
6. Feeling of or being sick
7. Double or blurred vision
8. seizures
9. producing more saliva than normal
10. skin rash
What are the 5 common signs of a heart attack?
1. Uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain in the center of the chest behind the breastbone. The feeling may spread to the shoulders, arms, and neck. (They may say they feel like an elephant is standing on their chest.)
2. Unusual sweating - for instance, even if a room is cool
3. Nausea
4. Waxy, yellow-gray pallor
5. Stooped over with their hands on their chest
Why are thigh (femur) fractures especially dangerous?
Because the upper leg muscles are strong enough to pull the ends of a broken thighbone into the flesh which can cause serious internal bleeding. The "femural artery" can also be nicked by a moving broken bone. The patient should not be moved until a traction splint has been applied by trained personnel. A thigh fracture can pose a serious threat to the victim's life.
Name 5 symptoms of Heat Exhaustion.
1. Nausea
2. Fatigue
3. Dizziness/fainting
4. Headache
5. Muscle cramps