What is science?
The Cell Cycle
Meiosis & Inheritance
Evolution
Evolution Applications
100
A ___________ is a plausible explanation for an observation. It may not have much evidence supporting it (yet).
What is a hypothesis?
100
The order of the stages of interphase are ___, ___, and ___.
What is G1, S, and G2?
100
Meiosis must halve the number of chromosomes in resulting daughter cells so that __________.
What is when sperm and egg come together, the normal chromosome number is restored?
100
__________ is the source of all NEW genetic variation in a species.
What is mutation?
100
In a population, which individuals are most likely to survive and reproduce? A) The individuals who are best adapted to the environment. B) The largest individuals in the group. C) The individuals who can catch the most prey. D) The individuals who grow the most rapidly.
What is A?
200
A __________ is an expected observation when conducting an experiment.
What is a prediction?
200
DNA replicates during ______.
What is S phase?
200
Meiosis I is different from mitosis because during anaphase __________ separate, instead of ________, as in mitosis.
What is homologs ... sister chromatids?
200
T/F: Natural selection can cause new variation to arise in a population that is useful for surviving in that population's environment.
What is false? Natural selection can only act on a population's existing genetic variation. Mutation gives rise to new variation, but randomly, so it does not "react" to what is needed in a particular environment.
200
Which of the following plants is the most fit? A) a plant with deep roots B) a plant with large leaves C) a plant with large flowers D) Fitness can't be determined without reference to the environment.
What is D?
300
A __________ explains many different but related observations and is backed by a lot of evidence.
What is a scientific theory?
300
DNA replicates during S phase so that the cell _________.
What is has enough DNA to divide/provide both daughter cells with DNA?
300
Sister chromatids separate from each other during both meiosis II and mitosis, but these two processes are different because _________.
What is there are half the number of chromosomes separating in meiosis II, compared to mitosis (because the cell is haploid at that point)?
300
When an extreme phenotype experiences greater fitness than the opposite extreme and the mean phenotypes, __________ selection occurs.
What is directional?
300
A city was intensively sprayed with DDT to control houseflies. The number of houseflies was immediately greatly reduced. Each year thereafter, the city was sprayed again, but the flies gradually increased in numbers until 10 years later, when they were almost as abundant as they were when the control program began. Which of the following most likely explains this? A) Flies from other areas moved in and replaced the ones killed by DDT. B) The few flies that were affected by DDT but survived developed antibodies to DDT, which they passed on to their descendants. C) The DDT caused new mutations to occur in the surviving flies, resulting in resistance to DDT. D) The DDT killed most flies. The few that were already naturally resistant survived and passed this resistance on to their offspring.
What is D?
400
The _____________ varies according to changes in the independent variable.
What is a dependent variable?
400
There are checkpoints in ___, ___, and ___ phases of the cell cycle.
What is G1, G2, and M?
400
If two carriers of the (recessive) sickle cell allele have a child, what is the likelihood they will have a child who does not have the allele?
What is 25%?
400
Traits that increase fitness in a particular environment are called ________.
What are adaptations?
400
Your friend was diagnosed with strep throat 2 months ago. She was treated with antibiotics for 10 days, but 2 weeks after treatment, the symptoms returned. She was given a different antibiotic and her symptoms improved again, initially, but then got worse. What is happening? A) Your friend has taken antibiotics so long that she has become tolerant to them, making them ineffective. B) Exposure to antibiotics has caused each individual bacterial cell to evolve resistance to the antibiotics. C) Your friend was originally infected with some bacteria that were resistant to these two antibiotics and the bacteria multiplied. D) Your friend probably doesn't have a bacterial infection. There must be some other reason for her symptoms.
What is C?
500
A researcher designs an experiment in which her research assistant administers one of 5 possible treatments to subjects. The subjects and the research assistant are not aware of which treatment any given subject is receiving. In this case, the researcher is conducting a _________.
What is a double-blinded experiment?
500
During anaphase of mitosis, ___________ separate, eventually ending up in the two daughter cells.
What are sister chromatids?
500
During prophase I of meiosis, _________ occurs, which recombines mother and father traits onto a single chromosome.
What is recombination/crossing-over?
500
T/F: Any allele that's present in a population exists because it increases fitness.
What is false? Alleles result from random mutations, so many alleles do not increase fitness. However, they become more common in a population over many generations if the allele increases fitness.
500
After a rapid change in climate, one population of bird quickly adapts to the change, but others in the area do not. What could you conclude about the quickly adapting population? A) They had a greater need to evolve than the other population. B) They already had some alleles in their genome that were adaptive in the new environment. C) They reproduced more slowly than the non-adapting population. D) They had a higher rate of mutation than the other population.
What is B?
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