Neuron Fundamentals
These two parts of the body make up the Central Nervous System
What is the brain and spinal cord?
What is DNA?
These are the four lobes of the brain.
What are the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes?
This signal is transduced by our auditory system.
What are sound waves?
This is the internal process that helps living beings keep track of time.
What is the circadian rhythm?
This part of the neuron receives signals from surrounding neurons
What are dendrites?
This type of cell has the ability to differentiate into any type of cell.
What is a stem cell?
This makes the pulmonary artery unique compared to other arteries in the body.
What is the fact that it carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?
This type of receptor allows us to transduce light into neuronal signals.
What are photoreceptors?
This neurotransmitter coordinates our reward and motivation systems.
What is dopamine?
Multiple sclerosis affects the central nervous system and by the degradation of this protective covering that surrounds and insulates nerve fibers.
What is the myelin sheath?
In order for cells to differentiate, these are turned on or off to specify the cell type.
What are genes?
This neurodegenerative disorder is characterized by tremors, stiffness, slowness of movement, and balance problems due to the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain.
What is Parkinson's disease?
Unlike vision and hearing, smell signals bypass this specific brain structure that normally relays sensory information to the cortex (which in part explains smells close relationship with memory and emotion).
What is the thalamus?
This system allows computational technology to interpret signals from our brain. (Eric + Mac's Talks)
What is a brain computer interface?
After an action potential reaches its peak ____ ions STOP flooding into the cell and ____ ions BEGIN to enter the cell to repolarize the cell membrane.
What are 1) sodium ions and 2) potassium ions?
These are the four macromolecules that are essential for building life.
What are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?
This is the process by which your brain changes over time, even into adulthood.
What is neuroplasticity?
In our eyes, THIS structure helps refract light on to what OTHER structure, where our photoreceptors are located. (Need two separate answers)
What is the lens and the retina?
Prospect theory states that humans prefer to take risks in these circumstances. (Neuroeconomics)
What are losses?
This describes the influx of positive charge during an action potential.
What is depolarization?
This feature of the human cortex helps us to have higher level thinking.
What are cortical folds?
This chamber of the heart is the one that first receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
What is the left atrium?
These types of mechanoreceptors let your brain know when there is brushing sensation.
What are hair follicles?
This area of the brain represents how much we value something. (Neuroeconomics)
What is the vmPFC/Area LIP?