Vivacious Verbal Operants
"Where do I find the course outline?"
What type of verbal operant is this?
Mand for information (where)
Backwards chaining means you teach the skill backwards. True or False?
False - backwards chaining means teaching starts with the last step in the chain and moves up, but the skill is still taught in the correct order.
How would you thin the schedule of reinforcement for a token economy?
Extending the timeline for the exchange period, or adding more response (token) requirements.
Tim, the Direct Instruction teacher, requires all students to respond at the same time to various SD's. What is this called?
Choral responding
What does it mean to say someone has learned a derived relation?
A relation between two things that was not specifically taught
If someone is labelling a stimulus they can sense through their sight, smell, touch, or taste, they are...
Tacting
Tina is a learner who has low tolerance for high response-effort programs. It works best for her to gradually build on the skills she is learning. Which chaining method would work best for Tina?
Forward chaining
Lisa is using TAG teaching to help her learner learn how to wash their hands thoroughly. The current tag point is to lather both palms and backs of hands for 10 seconds. The learner has tried three times, and is not contacting success. What should Lisa do?
Adapt the current tag point to something more likely to contact success (e.g., lather palms for 10 seconds).
True or False: Direct Instruction has mostly new content across each lesson.
False - new content is gradually introduced, with lots of maintenance practice for previously learned skills
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy helps people attend to the ______ in which their behaviours occur.
Context
Which verbal operant is the only one to be maintained by specific reinforcement?
Mands
Why is prompt fading an essential skill when using total-task chaining?
Because all steps in the behaviour chain are being taught at once, which requires the instructor to flexibly respond to different levels of performance across the chain.
How do tokens and the audible marking sound in TAG teaching become conditioned reinforcers?
Through frequent associations with other, varied sources of reinforcement
In one sentence, describe precision teaching.
A method of collecting and analyzing continuous data using a Standard Celeration Chart
Robert wants to teach his learner to time and record how long it takes them to complete their readings after class, to evaluate how much time it takes in their day. Which component of self-management does this refer to?
Self-monitoring
Lucy struggles with expressive language, but excels with receptive language (e.g., following instructions from others). Which verbal operant does this represent?
Listener responding
Mark is using shaping, and is continuing to reinforce all iterations of the target behaviour. He is struggling to advance to the next successive approximation. What component of shaping is missing?
Differential reinforcement (R+ only applied to current successive approximation, and EXT for those previously mastered)
The Lazy Barista across the street has a rewards system that requires a purchase of 10 coffees before the 11th one is free. What kind of token system does this represent?
Goal method
This term refers to someone's ability to persist with engaging in certain behaviours over a longer period of time, which is facilitated by using precision teaching.
Endurance
What do contingency contracts and token economies have in common?
Delayed consequences - helps develop stimulus control around behaviours that cannot, or won't, contact immediate reinforcement
Marina is telling Arwen a story, and Arwen is responding by laughing, asking questions, and commenting on Marina's hilarity. What are the two roles Marina and Arwen hold in this verbal behaviour exchange?
Marina = speaker. Arwen = listener.
You are making brownie batter because it is your absolute favourite dessert. One of the steps in the recipe is to mix the dry and wet ingredients together until the batter is smooth. What serves as reinforcement for the action of mixing the ingredients together?
The batter is smooth
How do token systems incorporate both the concept of immediacy/contingent delivery, and delayed consequences?
Immediacy/contingent delivery = tokens
Delayed consequences = back-up reinforcers
The SCC displays what kind of change in behaviours?
Proportional change
What type of prompt does a contingency contract represent?
Response prompt