Misc.
Interpretation
Causes
Interpretation
Misc.
100

In the Henderson-Hasselbach equation, if HCO3- goes up, what happens to pH?

Increases

100

7.19/63/55/23

Uncompensated respiratory acidosis w/ hypoxemia

100

2 causes of Respiratory Acidosis

  • Inadequate drive to breathe

    • Sedatives/Narcotics

    • Medullary dysfunction

    • Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome

    • Trauma

  • Inadequate bellows function

    • Neuromuscular disease

    • Obstructive lung disease

    • Severe kyphoscoliosis

  • Increased deadspace or excessive CO2 production

100

7.52/32/59/25

Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis w/ hypoxemia

100

Calculate the PAO2 of a patient in Boise Idaho on RA with a normal PaCO2

85 mm Hg

200

Describe the process of what happens when we give additional bicarbonate?

The additional bicarbonate will convert into CO2 and H2O. The patient must be able to compensate for the increased PaCO2 levels.

200

7.38/60/61/34

Fully compensated respiratory acidosis w/o hypoxemia

200

2 causes of non-gap acidosis

Hyperchloremic Acidosis, diarrhea, renal tubular acidosis, pancreatic fistula, administration of Diamox

200

7.19/49/102/18

Combined acidosis w/o hypoxemia

200

Name the 3 indices of oxygenation

P/F

A-a difference

a/A ratio

300

Please state the CO2 hydration equation

H+ + HCO3-    =   H2CO3       =           CO2 + H2O

300

7.35/35/96/18

Fully compensated metabolic acidosis w/o hypoxemia

300

2 causes of metabolic alkalosis

  • Loss of acid or gain of base

    • lots of vomiting or NG suction

    • diuretics

      • loss of potassium and/or chloride

    • administration of bicarb

300

7.16/85/57/29

Partially compensated respiratory acidosis w/ hypoxemia

300

What is the 60-90 rule?

At a SaO2 level of 90% the PaO2 should be 60 mmHg

400

Clinical rule of thumb for changes in PaCO2

0.08 change in pH/10 torr change in CO2


400

7.48/42/111/30

Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis w/o hypoxemia

400

4 causes of gap acidosis

  • Methanol

  • Uremia

  • Lactic acidosis

  • Ethylene glycol

  • Propylene Glycol

  • Aspirin

  • Ketoacidosis (DKA)

400

7.33/33/96/17

Partially compensated metabolic acidosis w/o hypoxemia

400

The Winter's Formula

PaCO2 = 1.5 (HCO3-) + 8 (±2)

500

Clinical rule of thumb for changes in HCO3- and pH

pH changes 0.15 for each 10 mEq/L change in HCO3

500

7.14/34/84/14

Metabolic Acidosis with concomitant respiratory acidosis w/o hypoxemia 

500

3 causes of respiratory alkalosis

  • Hypoxemia

  • Pain

  • Fever (despite increased CO2 production)

  • Anxiety

  • Iatrogenic (Treatment caused)

    • IPPB, IS, Mechanical Ventilation

500

7.53/16/140/12

  • Glucose     233

  • Na+     144

  • Cl-     101

  • TCO2    10

  • BUN     13

  • Creat.    2.3

  • Lactate 19.2

  • Ammonia    RFH

  • Bilirubin RFH

Metabolic acidosis w/ concomitant respiratory alkalosis w/o hypoxemia based upon patient history

500

Clinical rule of thumb for changes in HCO3- and PaCO2 (Both acute and chronic)

HCO3 increases 1 mEq/L acutely /10 torr increase in PCO2

HCO3 increases 4 mEq/L chronically/10 torr increase in PCO2

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