Flight
What does thrust do for flight?
Makes an object move upward and forward
Gravitational Force or Weight
What is a hypothesis?
A prediction of what will happen in an experiment. We use evidence and prior knowledge to make a hypothesis before conducting our experiment.
What is an upward force applied by a fluid?
Buoyant Force!
What force works against buoyancy?
Gravity/weight
The more there is, the higher the altitude
Hint: a force in flight
Lift
What force is equal to lift when in flight (not going up or down)?
Gravity/weight
What is a manipulated (independent) variable?
The thing you change! This is what you are changing for your test.
For example, peeled and unpeeled oranges or regular and diet Coke.
What is the density of an object compared to water if something floats in water?
If something floats in water, it is less dense than the water.
What is density?
A measure of how much mass something has.
Thrust
Which force makes horizontal and vertical forces less efficient?
Drag
What is a responding (dependent) variable?
The thing you observe.
For example, the buoyancy - does something sink or float in the experiment?
Buoyant Force!
What kind of buoyancy does something have if it is not completely sinking or floating (sitting in the middle of a fluid)?
Neutral buoyancy! It is suspended in the fluid.
Label this diagram correctly
(You must get all 4 correct to get the points)
Up is lift
Down is gravity/weight
Forwards is thrust
Backwards is drag
Hint: what force in flight is this impacting and how?
Reduces drag
Does air have weight?
Yes! Air does have weight.
We use the popping balloon and meter stick experiment to test this.
If an object is less dense than the fluid it is in, the buoyant force will be ______ than the weight of the object.
Will it float or sink?
If an object is less dense than the fluid it is in, the buoyant force will be greater than the weight of the object.
It will float.
If an object is denser than the fluid it is in, the buoyant force will be ______ than the weight of the object.
Will it float or sink?
If an object is denser than the fluid it is in, the buoyant force will be less than the weight of the object.
It will sink.
The design of the object can reduce this to allow for higher-altitude flight
drag and/or weight
How does a flying squid fly?
The squid sucks up water and squirts it out very forcefully, creating a jet propulsion. This creates the thrust needed to fly out of the water and counters the weight of the squid. The tentacles spread out to maintain lift once in the air like wings. Their bodies are shaped like torpedoes to reduce drag.
How did we make raisins float?
We put them in carbonated water. The carbon bubbles attached to the surface of the raisin and carried the raisin to the surface as they rose. This is because the carbon particles are less dense than the water particles. When the carbon particles attached to the raisin they increased the raisin's surface area also making the raisins less dense than the water.
What is a characteristic that heavy ships, oranges with a peel, and baby otters all use to float?
Air pockets!
Air is less dense than water. More air in the object helps to make the object overall less dense than the water, so it will have a greater buoyant force and float.
If an object sinks in water does that mean it will sink in all fluids?
No!
We tested this using water and salt water with eggs. Our eggs would sink in water, but float in salt water.