Pollution, inequality, and unemployment are examples of what type of cost?
What is social
This problem arises when upper management engages in ethical compliance without actionable results, causing upper management to accept deviance
What is moral hazard
Corporations use this technique to create the appearance of ethics without taking actionable results
What is greenwashing
Longer reports and higher disclosure can be an indicator of this characteristic
What is transparency
This concept measures how well a firm is measuring its social contract
What is social accounting
This reporting guideline was criticized for a lack of requirements for auditing and verification
What is Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)
Banks use these assets as security to reduce the risk of a client defaulting on a loan
What is collateral
According to this theory, markets do not immediately respond to obscure information
What is the incomplete revelation hypothesis (IRH)
In order to survive, this concept states that a firm must demonstrate that society requires and benefits from its services and offerings
What is a social contract
Association with the UN for the purpose of improving reputation is an example of this strategy
What is bluewashing or fronting
These restrictions on banking agreements were increased due to negative climate-related news
What are covenants
Alongside readability, this measure was used to measure the complexity of CSR reports
What is file size
This term describes a firm’s societal impacts on third-parties outside of the market process
What are externalities
A company claiming to be “carbon neutral and zero waste by 2050” without providing a concrete action plan is an example of what element of greenwashing?
What is posturing
Banks imposed higher spreads and restricted covenants because of this risk
What is reputational
This theory states that firms obscure poor performance with complex and unreadable language
What is the opportunistic view
In a social contract, this term describes the social groups involved
What are social constituents
To improve the regulatory environment, this concept argues for the integration of a third party alongside the organization and the regulator
What is tripartism
In this study, this data source was primarily used for reputational climate events, covering over 80,000 media sources over 30 categories
What is RepRisk
This term describes the process of deliberately making CSR reports harder to read in order to hide performance and impress readers
What is obfuscation