8.1
If mass is expressed in kilograms and velocity in meters per second, kinetic energy will be expressed in_____?
Joules.
What is produced when the projectile electron excites an outer-shell electron?
Heat.
The joules (J) of energy generated by electron target interactions are given by what formula?
kV x mA x s
The kinetic energy of a projectile electron in an x-ray tube is __________?
Is about 1% efficient in the production of x-rays.
The energy of characteristics x-rays increases with increasing ________?
Atomic number of target material.
When characteristic x-rays are produced, the energy of the x-rays is characteristic of_______?
The atomic number of the target, and the outer-shell electrons binding energy.
The shift of the characteristic x-ray spectrum to higher energy occurs because of which of the following?
An increase in target atomic number.
x-rays are produced when_____?
projectile electrons interact with target atoms.
Gold is sometimes used as a target material in special types of radiation-producing systems. Its electron binding energies are as follows: K-shell: 81 keV, L-shell: 14 keV, M-shell: 3 keV, and N-shell: 1 keV. Which of the following characteristic x-rays would be produced with operation at 90 kvp?
67 keV
Useful characteristic x-rays are produced in tungsten by_________?
By removal of a k-shell electron.
Characteristic x-rays are _____?
The kinetic energy of a projectile electron can be measured in__________?
Joules.
An L-shell electron (binding energy 26 keV) is removed from an atom that has M-shell binding energy of 4 keV and N-shell binding energy of 1 keV. If a free electron fills the vacancy in the L-shell, the characteristic of x-ray produced will have energy of ______?
26 keV
When a tungsten-target x-ray tube is operated at 68 kvp, __________?
K-shell characteristic x-rays can be produced.
The efficiency of x-ray production is_______?
Independent of tube current.