Landscapes and Processes
What is the name of the molten rock found below the Earth's Surface?
Magma
What do we call the number of people living in an area?
Population
What do we call the long-term average of weather?
Climate
What does the “P” in the marketing mix stand for?
Product, Price, Place, or Promotion
What is an entrepreneur?
A person who sets up a business, takes risks, and aims to make a profit.
What type of weathering happens when water freezes in cracks in rocks and expands?
Freeze–thaw (frost) weathering
Give one reason why people migrate from one place to another.
employment opportunities, war, famine, education, better quality of life (push and pull factors).
Name one renewable energy source.
solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, biomass.
What is a target market?
The specific group of people a business aims its product at
Give one example of an entrepreneurial skill.
creativity, decision-making, communication, leadership, problem-solving.
Name one landform created by river erosion.
waterfall, V-shaped valley, meander, oxbow lake, floodplain, river cliff
What is a primate city? Give an example.
A primate city is a city that is more than twice the size of the next largest city in the country and dominates economic and cultural life.
Example: Dublin (Ireland), Paris (France), Bangkok (Thailand).
What is the greenhouse effect?
The greenhouse effect is the natural process where gases in the atmosphere trap heat from the sun, keeping Earth warm enough for life.
Name one method of advertising.
TV, radio, social media, newspapers, billboards, online ads.
What is the difference between risk and reward in entrepreneurship?
Risk is the chance of failure or loss; reward is the potential profit or success.
Explain how a glacier creates a U-shaped valley.
Glaciers erode the landscape by plucking and abrasion. As the glacier moves through a valley, it widens and deepens it, changing a V-shaped valley into a U-shaped valley.
Explain one factor that influences where a settlement is located.
relief (flat land), water supply, defence, fertile soil, transport routes, resources.
Explain how humans contribute to climate change through energy use.
Burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas) releases carbon dioxide, which increases global warming and contributes to climate change.
Explain the difference between branding and packaging.
Branding is creating an identity (name, logo, image) for the product;
Packaging is the physical container or wrapping used to protect and present the product.
Name one source of finance suitable for a start-up.
bank loan, personal savings, grants, crowdfunding, family/friends, micro-finance.
Describe the formation of a mid-ocean ridge, and name one example.
A mid-ocean ridge forms where two oceanic plates move apart (diverge), allowing magma to rise and create new crust.
Example: the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Compare the population trends in a developed country and a developing country, giving one example of each.
Developed countries generally have slow or declining population growth (e.g., Japan), while developing countries often have fast population growth due to high birth rates (e.g., Nigeria).
Evaluate how sustainable development can help manage natural resources, using one case study or real example.
Sustainable development manages resources without damaging the environment or reducing future supplies.
Examples include: sustainable forestry, water conservation, recycling programmes, renewable energy projects, etc.
Analyse why market research is important before launching a new product.
Market research helps a business understand customer needs, reduce risk, test ideas, predict demand, and check competitors before spending money on a launch.
Evaluate two challenges an entrepreneur might face when starting a new business.
Financial challenges (limited capital, cash-flow problems), Competition, Lack of experience, Time pressure, Finding customers, Managing risk