Railroads
This railroad company's laborers were a mix of civil war vets, Irish immigrants, miners and farmers, and ex-cons.
Union Pacific
To reach people who lived in rural areas, retailers began issuing mail-order catalogues. Two of the largest mail order retailers were:
Montgomery Wards and Sear, Roebuck and Co.
A rise in the value of money
Deflation
Companies tried to block workers from forming unions by using these two methods:
Blacklists and Lockouts
What corporation did John D. Rockefeller start, through which he controlled 90% of the oil refinery business?
John D. Rockefeller
In this strike more than 100 people had died and there was $10 million worth of damage to railroad property. The strike showed that there needed to be better ways to settle labor issues.
Great Railway Strike of 1877
The process in which a company owns all of the different businesses on which it depends for its operation.
Vertical Integration
John D. Rockefeller labeled her "the most dangerous woman in America"
Mary Harris Jones - Mother Jones
This labor organization opposed strikes, preferring to use boycotts and arbitration to pressure employers.
Knights of Labor
The first advertising company, which began creating large illustrated ads instead of relying on old small print line ads previously used in newspapers.
N.W. Ayer and Son
This construction company greatly overcharged Union Pacific railroad and added miles to railroad construction.
Credit Mobilier
The largest space in the world devoted to retail selling on a single floor.
The Grand Depot department store
A company that can only hire union members.
Closed Shop
What labor group wanted to organize all workers according to industry, without making distinctions between skilled and unskilled workers.
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
The process of combining firms in the same business into one large corporation.
Horizontal Integration
This honest railroad entrepreneur planned railroad’s route to pass close to towns, offered low fares to people who homesteaded along his route and hauled goods to be shipped to Asia.
James J. Hill
This chain store open in 1879 and became one of the most successful retail chains in American history.
Woolworth's
The son of a poor Scottish immigrant, this man opened his own steel company in 1875 in Pittsburgh.
Andrew Carnegie
What Union stayed focused on "bread and butter issues" - wages, working hours and working conditions and stayed out of politics.
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Stockholders give their stocks to this type of business for a share of the business’s profits. So, the business controls a group of companies without actually having a legal monopoly.
A Trust
He purchased and merged 3 railroads in NY. Within 4 yrs he extended control to Chicago. He also built New York City's Grand Central Terminal.
Cornelius Vanderbilt
A French phrase meaning, 'let people do as they choose.' (You must spell it out)
Laissez-Faire
Early Unions consisted of two basic types of industrial workers:
Craft workers and Common laborers
The belief that the basic force shaping capitalist society is the class struggle between workers and owners.
Marxism
The cost of manufacturing is decreased by producing goods quickly in large quantities.
Economies of Scale