Operations
What Does KPI Stand For?
Key Performance Indicator
What Does HR stand for and what does it involve?
Human Resources (management of people and relationships)
Why is CSR important?
It separates a business from its competitors and ensures that it is being ethical and environmentally friendly.
Which management style is highly centralised?
Autocratic
Identify one performance indicator.
Examples: profit, productivity growth, staff turnover, customer complaints, absenteeism, sales, waste levels.
Name Two Stages of the Product Life Cycle?
Introduction, Growth, Maturity, or Decline
define staff turnover
The rate at which employees leave a business and need to be replaced.
Give one example of CSR in a business.
E.g. using environmentally sustainable packaging, donating to charities, ethical sourcing, or reducing waste.
Compare autocratic and participative leadership.
Autocratic: manager makes decisions alone, centralised control.
Participative: employees are included in decision-making, decentralised.
Both aim to achieve business objectives but differ in staff involvement.
Distinguish between efficiency and effectiveness.
Efficiency: how well resources are used (low cost, little waste).
Effectiveness: the degree to which business objectives are achieved.
Explain how technology can improve efficiency?
Technology (e.g. automation, ordering systems, online platforms) can reduce time, minimise errors, and lower costs — meaning resources are used more efficiently.
How can flexible working hours improve motivation?
They improve work–life balance, make employees feel valued, and can increase job satisfaction and motivation.
Justify why a business should adopt CSR practices.
CSR can improve reputation, attract customers, strengthen brand loyalty, help retain employees, and support long-term sustainability.
Evaluate consultative management style.
Strengths: employees feel valued, better ideas and decisions, higher motivation.
Weaknesses: slower decision-making, not all ideas used, can frustrate employees.
Discuss the impact of technology on service businesses.
Positive: faster service, improved customer experience, reduced costs.
Negative: expensive to implement, staff training required, potential job losses.