Illegal practices
When competitors attempt to unite to create a monopoly.
What is "Mergers?"
- Restraints among competitors.
- The goal is to ensure that the gain of customers is through a better quality of service and price, rather than manipulation of the price or market.
What is Horizontal Restraints?
- Prohibits every contract or conspiracy between two or more companies which exerts an unreasonable restraint on trade or commerce.
- Prohibits monopolization of any product or service.
What is the Sherman Antitrust Act?
- Administrative Agencies are limited and subject to the constitutional protections afforded individuals and businesses.
What is An Executive Power of Administrative Agencies?
The FDA, SEC, and CPSC.
What is examples of Administrative Agencies?
Competitors agree to refrain from dealing with certain buyers.
What is Boycotts?
Requires full or partial disclosure of previously unreleased or uncirculated information and documents controlled by the U.S. government, state, or other public authority upon request.
What is Freedom of Information Act?
- Prevented companies from acquiring stock from another company (anti-monopoly).
What is the Clayton Act?
An agency may adopt regulations within the scope of its authority.
May regulate any area of business to advance the nation's national economic needs.
What is the Federal Government?
The practice of selling one product or service as a mandatory addition to the purchase of a different product or service.
What is Tying?
Focuses on discrimination in prices charged to competing purchasers for products of like grade and quality.
What is the Robinson-Patman Act?
- Authorizes the enforcement of the other three antitrust laws.
- Prohibits unfair methods of competition and deceptive practices.
What is the Federal Trade Commission Act?
The Administrative hearing:
- Informal settlements or consent decrees.
- A hearing.
- A decision by the administrative agency.
What is A Judicial Power of Administrative Agencies?
- Rely on Police Power.
- May not impose an unreasonable burden on interstate commerce or any activity of the federal government.
What is the State Government?
The charging practice by a seller of different prices to different buyers for commodities of similar grade and quality, results in reduced competition or a tendency to create a monopoly.
What is price discrimination?
- Open records.
- Open Meetings.
- Public announcement of agency guidelines.
What is Administrative Procedure Act?
Federal requires agencies to make public disclosure of proposed rules, passed rules, and activities.
What is the Federal Register Act?
Administrative agencies have the power to investigate, to require persons to appear as witnesses, and to bring proceedings against those who violate the law.
What is An Executive Power of Administrative Agencies?
- A governmental body charged with regulating and implementing legislation.
- Examples include the SEC, FDA, and the CPSC.
What is Administrative Agencies?
- Agreements between competitors to not sell below a certain price.
- Agreements between competitors on commission rates.
- Agreements between competitors on credit terms.
- Agreements between competitors to exchange cost information.
What is Price Fixing?
Before an agency can begin rulemaking proceedings, it must be given jurisdiction by congressional enactment in the form of a statute.
What is the Congressional Enabling Act?
Restraints through the supply chain.
What is Vertical Restraints?
If an administrative agency finds a potential violation of the law, it acts as an arbiter to conduct hearings on violations.
What is A Judicial Power of Administrative Agencies?
The purpose of this act is to protect smaller businesses by limiting the large company's ability to command discriminatory discounts through its purchasing power.
What is the Robinson-Patman Act?