Law, Morals & Ethics
A system of rules established by the government with legal force
What is Law?
What is the highest court in the United States
Supreme Court
Juvenile court is for children under the age _____
18
This stops the defendant from performing an act
Injunction
When does the arraignment take place?
ASAP- usually the day after arrest
Primary purpose of morality
To distinguish between right and wrong behavior
A judicial determination of parties' rights based on facts and law
What is a court decision?
Primary goal of the Juvenile Court System
To rehabilitate the offender
The process that occurs when parties try to resolve disagreements outside of the courtroom
What is alternative dispute resolution?
How does a criminal trial begin?
Arrest of the defendant
Rules used to determine right from wrong
What are ethics?
A court's authority to hear and decide a case
Jurisdiction
In which type of case do juveniles typically have the right to a jury trial
Felonies
How does a civil trial begin?
WHEN AN INDIVIDUAL HAS BEEN WRONGED IN SOMEWAY THEY CAN TAKE THEIR ARGUMENT TO CIVIL COURT
Who decides verdict and sentencing in a criminal trial?
Judge- sentencing
Trial jury- verdict (must be unanimous)
Personal vs professional ethics
Professional: An individual's behavior within the workplace
Personal: Individual values and beliefs in everyday life
Federal vs State Court
Federal:
ACTIONS IN WHICH THE UNITED STATES IS A PARTY
CONSTITUTIONAL /FEDERAL QUESTIONS
DIVERSITY OF CITIZENSHIP CASES (CASES IN WHICH INVOLVE CITIZENS FROM DIFFERENT STATES AND AMOUNT OF MONEY IN DISPUTE IS OVER $75,000)
CASES OF ADMIRALTY (SEA)
PATENT AND COPYRIGHT CASES
BANKRUPTCY CASES
State:
ALL OTHER MATTERS:
JUVENILE CASES
DOMESTIC RELATIONS
TRAFFIC LAWS
CRIMES
CIVIL CASES NOT INVOLVING DIVERSITY OF CITIZENSHIP OR UNDER $75,000
Explain court/trial procedures for a juvenile defendant.
HAVE JURISDICTION OVER DELINQUENT, UNRULY, ABUSED, NEGLECTED KIDS
CASES HEARD IN JUVENILE COURT DO NOT HAVE THE RIGHT TO A TRIAL BY JURY.
INFORMAL SETTING IN FRONT OF A JUDGE
CASES ARE FOR PEOPLE UNDER THE AGE OF 18 BEING TRIED AS A JUVENILE. CAN BE TRIED AS AN ADULT IF OVER AGE OF 10 (IN KANSAS, MOST STATES THE AGE IS 14) AND CRIME IS PARTICULARLY VIOLENT/BAD
CASES ARE PRIVATE IF YOU ARE UNDER 14 BUT PUBLIC IF YOU ARE OVER 14
RECORD CAN BE EXPUNGED (REMOVED) AFTER A HEARING AND SENTENCE HAS BEEN SERVED
What is a cheaper and faster alternative to civil court trials?
Alternative Dispute Resolution
Explain the role of the grand jury
GRAND JURY: A JURY OF CITIZENS THAT WILL HEAR EVIDENCE FROM STATE TO DECIDE IF THERE IS ENOUGH EVIDENCE TO ACCUSE PERSON (DEFENDANT) OF A CRIME
GRAND JURY MEETS IN SECRET TO DECIDE IF SOMEONE SHOULD STAND TRIAL.
IF MEMBERS OF GRAND JURY DECIDE A CRIME HAS BEEN COMMITTED, THEY WILL ISSUE AN INDICTMENT: WRITTEN ACCUSATION CHARGING A PERSON OF A CRIME
*****GRAND JURY DOES NOT DECIDE ON GUILT OR INNOCENCE******
Why were laws created?
To protect general safety
To resolve disputes civilly
To keep communities peaceful
Appellate vs Original Jurisdiction
Original Jurisdiction:
Unruly vs Delinquent vs Neglected/Abused Child- define & give example of each
Unruly: A MINOR THAT HAS DONE SOMETHING INAPPROPRIATE BUT IS NOT CONSIDERED AN ADULT CRIME (SKIPPING SCHOOL, USING TOBACCO, VIOLATING CURFEW)
Delinquent: MINOR WHO HAS COMMITTED AN ADULT CRIME (ARSON, MURDER, DRUGS ETC)
Neglected/Abused: ONE WHO IS HOMELESS, DESTITUTE OR WITHOUT PARENTAL CARE. THIS CHILD MAY BECOME A WARD OF THE STATE
List and describe steps of a civil trial
1. Pleadings
2. Pretrial Hearing
3. Jury selection
4. Opening Statements
5. Introduction of Evidence
6. Closing arguments
7. Verdict
8. Remedies
List and explain the major steps in a criminal trial
1. Arrest of defendant
2. Arraignment
3. Trial
4. Sentencing