The first Rightly Guided Caliph, who ruled from 632-634.
Abu Bakr
The first Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity.
Constantine the Great
The year in which the Western Roman Empire fell.
476
True or False: the majority of Roman, Byzantine, and Islamic emperors died of old age.
False
The Hun leader who Theodosius II bribed to leave the Byzantines alone.
Attila
The first Umayyad caliph, who was the cousin of Uthman.
Muawiya I
The emperor who defeated the Bulgarians after 20 years of war, then ordered them all to be blinded, earning him the nickname Bulgar Slayer.
Basil II
The year of the Hijra, which also marks year 0 on the Islamic Calendar.
622
This caliph was murdered in his home by rebel soldiers while he was reading the Quran.
Uthman ibn Affan
The neighbor to the east of the Byzantine and Islamic Empires.
Sassanian, or Persian Empire
The Rightly Guided Caliph who introduced the diwan, a system of ensuring government employees were paid on time.
Umar ibn Khattab
The first great Byzantine emperor. He made a code that consolidated all the laws of the empire into one written document.
Justinian I
The year the Hagia Sophia was completed under Justinian I.
537
This diplomacy-loving emperor reigned from 717 to 720 and was murdered by his family.
Umar II
Muhammad belonged to the ___ Tribe.
Quraish
The most significant Abbasid caliph, under whose rule the Islamic Golden Age began.
Harun al-Rashid
The Byzantine Emperor who took power in the same year that Islam began to spread.
Heraclius
The year Abdullah died in battle, marking the end of the Second Fitna.
692
The approximate percentage of Roman emperors that died by unnatural deaths.
73.7% (almost three-quarters)
The career that Justinian's wife, Theodora, had before they got married.
Actress
The shortest reigning Umayyad caliph, lasting only 2 months.
Ibrahim
The Empress who ended the Iconoclastic Controversy in 843.
Theodora
The year of the Great Schism between Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
1054
Muawiya convinced this man, who was a son of Ali, to peacefully abdicate the throne. He was later poisoned by his wife.
Hasan
Early Arabians were polytheistic and carved stones called ___ to represent their gods.
Betyls