Geography
What was the original name of the Greek city that would become Constantinople?
Byzantium
The Byzantine Empire reached its height in size, culture and prosperity under which emperor?
Emperor Justinian
What language was used in the Eastern Orthodox Church?
Greek
The Byzantine empire preserved the cultural heritage of which two civilizations?
Greece & Rome
What does the term "Mesopotamia" mean?
The land between two rivers
Constantinople was an easily fortified because it was located on a _________ bordered by natural harbors.
Peninsula
What was Emperor Justinian's most lasting achievement?
The Justinian Code (codifying Roman laws)
The head of the Eastern Orthodox Church is called what?
The Patriarch
Define the term "mosaic"
Pictures made from small pieces of colored glass, ceramics, or stone.
Name two religions that originated in India.
Hinduism and Buddhism
Which Roman Emperor was the capital of the Byzantine Empire named after and why?
Emperor Constantine because he ordered the construction of a new Eastern capital, Constantinople, in 324 A.D.
Justinian’s armies regained control of what former Roman lands?
North Africa, Italy, and the southern tip of Spain.
A Greek missionary named St. Cyril created the ___________ which he used to translate the Bible into the Slavic languages.
the Cyrillic alphabet
Which distinctive feature of Russian architecture is a result of Byzantine influences?
onion-shaped domes
What is the common name for a network of trade routes that stretched from China to Europe.
The Silk Road
Name the narrow strait Constantinople is located on as well as the two bodies of water this strait connects.
Constantinople is located on the Bosporus, a narrow strait linking the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara
Which group finally conquered the Byzantine Empire in 1453 A.D.?
The Ottoman Turks.
Unlike priests in Western Europe who practiced __________ , the Byzantine clergy kept their right to marry.
celibacy
Which building is the most famous example of Byzantine architecture? (hint: it is a church)
Hagia Sophia church
Hannibal was a legendary general from which civilization and in which war did he fight against Rome?
Carthage, the 2nd Punic War
Name two or more advantages of Constantinople's geographic location compared to Rome's
In a good position to offer protection of the eastern frontier of the Roman world from attack.
Distance from Germanic invasions in the west; Romans had to worry about Germanic invaders, but not the Byzantines.
Crossroads of trade
Easily fortified site on a peninsula bordered by natural harbors
What is the current name for the city that was once called Constantinople?
Istanbul
Define the term "icons"
Images of Jesus and saints designed to make people feel connected to God.
Which Russian city's culture and growth were the result of its trade relationship with the Byzantine Empire.
Where was this city located?
Kiev which was located on the trade route from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea.
List the four stages of Athenian democracy.
Monarchy, Aristocrats, Tyrants, and Democracy