INVERSIONS
Reporting verbs
Nominalisation
Cleft sentences and hedging
Complex conditionals and relative clauses
100

I have rarely encountered a scientific theory so polarizing yet so fundamentally sound.

Rarely have I encountered a scientific theory so polarizing yet so fundamentally sound.

100

The spokesperson claimed ________ (warn) the authorities about the security breach weeks before it actually occurred.

The spokesperson claimed to have warned the authorities about the security breach weeks before it actually occurred.

100

The government decided to cancel the project, which shocked the local community.

The government's decision to cancel the project caused widespread shock in the local community.

100

IT-Cleft:

The marketing team’s poor communication caused the product launch to fail, not the budget.

It was the marketing team's poor communication, rather than the budget, that caused the product launch to fail.

100

If by any chance the legal dispute escalates, we will have to consult our legal team. We have absolute trust in this team. 

Rewrite as a single sentence starting with Should...

Should the legal dispute escalate, we will consult our legal team, in whom we have absolute trust.

200

The architectural design was so intricate that it took nearly a decade just to finalize the blueprints.

So intricate was the architectural design that it took nearly a decade just to finalize the blueprints.

200

The lead researcher denied _______ (falsify) the data, claiming instead that the anomalies were due to a software glitch.

The lead researcher denied having falsified/ falsifying the data, claiming instead that the anomalies were due to a software glitch.

200

We need to analyze the data thoroughly before we can implement the new policy.

A thorough analysis of the data is a prerequisite for the implementation of the new policy.

200

Wh-cleft:

We need to completely overhaul our supply chain strategy to survive the crisis.

What we need to do to survive the crisis is (to) completely overhaul our supply chain strategy.

200

They will sign the merger agreement only if the rival company transfers the intellectual property. They have been negotiating over this property for months. 

Rewrite as a single sentence using on condition that and about which.

They will sign the merger agreement on condition that the rival company transfers the intellectual property, about which both parties have been negotiating for months.

300

The board members only realized the gravity of the situation after the CEO had finished her lengthy  presentation.

Only after the CEO had finished her lengthy presentation did the board members realize the gravity of the situation.

300

The board of directors insisted that the CEO __________(step) down immediately following the financial scandal.

The board of directors insisted that the CEO step down immediately following the financial scandal.

300

Because the team was so flexible, they managed to finish the project ahead of schedule.

The team's flexibility enabled the early completion of the project.

300

Remote work ruins team cohesion and limits spontaneous collaboration.

Distancing

It is generally considered that remote work may undermine team cohesion and restrict opportunities for spontaneous collaboration.

300

If it hadn't been for the host's exceptional hospitality, we wouldn't have enjoyed the conference. We are incredibly grateful for this hospitality. 

Rewrite as a single sentence starting with But for...

But for the host's exceptional hospitality, for which we are incredibly grateful, we would not have enjoyed the conference.

400

The ink had no sooner dried on the merger agreement than the rumors began to circulate.

No sooner had the ink dried on the merger agreement than the rumors of a hostile takeover began to circulate.

400

The mentor urged _______(her protégé/APPLY) for the prestigious scholarship despite his initial hesitation.

The mentor urged her protégé to apply for the prestigious scholarship despite his initial hesitation.


 The mentor urged THAT her protégé apply for the prestigious scholarship despite his initial hesitation.

400

The company expanded rapidly into Asian markets, and as a result, its annual revenue increased significantly.

The rapid expansion into Asian markets resulted in a significant increase in annual revenue.

400

The new policy will create a more productive work environment for everyone.


IT cleft

It cleft 

It is the new policy that will create a more productive work environment.

400

We will approve the funding only if the startup meets all the conditions. There are five conditions in total. 

Rewrite as a single sentence using provided that and of which.

We will approve the funding provided that the startup meets all the conditions, the most critical of which involves a complete restructuring of the board.

500

If we had known about the potential supply chain disruptions earlier, we would have adjusted our inventory accordingly.

Had we known about the potential supply chain disruptions earlier, we would have adjusted our inventory accordingly.

500

The defense attorney objected to________( the prosecutor/ introduce) the new evidence at such a late stage in the triaL.

The defense attorney objected to the prosecutor introducing the new evidence at such a late stage in the trial.

500

The city council restored the historic town hall, and the public responded very enthusiastically.

The restoration of the historic town hall met with an enthusiastic public response.

500

Mix

The management cares about employee retention above all else.

What the management appears to care about above all else is employee retention.

500

Imagine if the tech giant went bankrupt. Its innovative patents changed the industry. The global market would experience a massive shock. 

Rewrite as a single sentence starting with Were the tech giant...


Were the tech giant, whose innovative patents changed the industry, to go bankrupt, the global market would experience a massive shock.

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