The Sun
These are the dark spots on the surface of the sun.
Describe how the theory of general relativity differs from Newton's theory of gravity.
What is massive objects warp space-time - think of a bed sheet and marbles!
These are the axes on the HR diagram?
Luminosity and Temperature
This is Hubble's Law
What is v = H0*d
This is the type of radiation which a quasar emits most strongly at
What is radio
Name one of the two processes on the sun that cause aurorae and disruption in satellite communications on Earth
What are flares or coronal mass ejections
The precession of the orbit of this solar system planet is one famous test of General Relativity
What is Mercury
Others are - bending of starlight seen during eclipse, and redshifted light coming out of a gravitational field, and binary pulsar
This is what we can learn about a star from its spectral classification
What is its temperature?
This was early evidence that the Universe was expanding
What was high redshifts of galaxies (Vesto Slipher --> Hubble)
This is what a quasar is thought to be
What is an accreting Black Hole
This is the large low density envelope of the sun that is visible during the diamond ring effect of a solar eclipse
What is the corona
These are emitted when two massive objects orbit each other, causing the period of their orbit to decrease
What are gravitational waves
This is what we can learn from a star's spectrum
What is its mass (RV method) and its atmospheric composition?
This is evidence for dark matter in the milky way
Rotation curve
Most quasars are this age (old or young)
What is old.
This thin layer of the sun is red due to Hydrogen emission, and it is actually hotter than the photosphere
chromosphere
What is redshift?
This spectral classification has the longest lifetime on the main sequence?
What is M/L
This is the method we can use to "zoom in" on far away galaxies
Gravitational Lensing
What are Active Galactic Nuclei
If we didn't know anything about Mercury before it transits this Monday, what could we learn about it?
What is its radius relative to the Suns? DF/F = (Rp/Rs)^2
What is LIGO
This type of galaxy has mostly old stars
These are 2 "normal" dark matter candidates
What are: hot gas, MACHOs (brown dwarfs, lone planets)
We see a quasar at z=1. What does this tell us about the quasar's speed?
What is nothing? Ish - use z to think about lookback time, NOT speed (as v=c for z=1). Rather, we are looking back ~8 billion years.