Reading Strategies
What comes first, close reading or previewing?
Previewing
Identify two different kinds of evidence authors can use in an argument.
anecdote, example, expert testimony
This type of reasoning moves from specific examples to a broader conclusion
Inductive Reasoning
logos = logical appeal
pathos = emotional appeal
ethos = credibility (established by the author)
A group of people who share a set of discourses, understood as basic values and assumptions, and ways of communicating about their goals, is called what?
A discourse community
The act of reading slowly to trace a text’s details and patterns is called what?
Close reading
The impact you want your writing to have on a specific audience is called what?
Purpose
This type of reasoning begins with a general principle and applies it to a specific situation.
Deductive Reasoning
"Young people are certainly reading less. In 1976, about 40 percent of high school seniors said they had read at least six books for fun in the previous year, while 11.5 percent said they hadn’t read any, according to the University of Michigan’s Monitoring the Future survey."
This is an example of what kind of appeal?
What is the AI policy for this class?
No AI ever
under any circumstances
not even grammarly
im not kidding
What information can the title tell us about an argument?
The main idea; the author's main claim; the author's position
The question, problem, or situation that prompts someone to make an argument is called what?
Exigence
“Every time I've eaten at this restaurant, the food has been good, so the food must always be good.” This is an example of what kind of reasoning?
Inductive Reasoning
The switch in identities can be the whole point of the joke. Here’s Chris Rock, talking about his life in an affluent New Jersey suburb: “As a black man, I’m against the cops, but as a man with property, well, I need the cops."
This is an example of which kind of appeal?
pathos; through humor
Describe the genre conventions of a poem (at least 3)
The audience might expect
meter or some other form of structure
short length
rhyme scheme
use of figurative language
exploration of emotions
exploration of abstract concepts
personal subject matter
What is the difference between production context and consumption context?
Production context = Where & when something was written and published
Consumption context = Where & when something is encountered or read
Define constraints
Factors that limit the way a message is delivered; boundaries or limitations of an argument
Identify the unstated assumption & challenge it:
"She is the best professor at ARC because her classes are always full."
assumption:
students only take her class because she is such a good professor
challenge(s):
she could be bribing students to take her classes
there could be limited class options
Rhetorical analysis involves understanding what the argument is and what else?
(just one response is fine)
how the argument is structured/created/crafted
how persuasive the argument is
Finish this sentence: Critical thinking involves a willingness to identify and consider ____
objections to our own beliefs
Close-read the following paragraph:
Rituals, which are a series of actions performed in a specific way, have been part of human existence for thousands of years. They are not habits. According to research psychologist Nick Hobson, a habit’s inherent goal is different from a ritual’s. With habit, the actions and behaviors are causally tied to the desired outcome; for example, brushing our teeth to prevent cavities and gum disease and exercising to keep healthy. Rituals, on the other hand, are “goal demoted,” which means that their actions have no instrumental connection to the outcome. For example, we sing “Happy Birthday” to the same melody even though it isn’t tied to a specific external result.
What would you annotate, and why? (Describe at least two annotations)
Options: diction, author's use of different types of evidence,, questions/point of confusion, reader's response to ideas, connections to other parts of the essay
Rituals, which are a series of actions performed in a specific way, have been part of human existence for thousands of years. They are not habits. According to research psychologist Nick Hobson, a habit’s inherent goal is different from a ritual’s. With habit, the actions and behaviors are causally tied to the desired outcome; for example, brushing our teeth to prevent cavities and gum disease and exercising to keep healthy. Rituals, on the other hand, are “goal demoted,” which means that their actions have no instrumental connection to the outcome. For example, we sing “Happy Birthday” to the same melody even though it isn’t tied to a specific external result.
Explain the difference between evidence and claims in an argument, and provide an example of each.
A claim is a point or assertion that the author is making.
Evidence is the support the author uses to back up those claims.
Which type of reasoning is generally less certain, inductive or deductive? Explain.
Inductive. This type of reasoning is based on observations and evidence, which can be limited.
Deductive reasoning starts with true premises, so the conclusion will be more certain as long as the premises are actually true.
What is rhetoric?
Rhetoric is the way we use language and images to persuade.
What six things does rhetorical situation involve?
Author, audience, purpose, exigence, genre, constraints